No Shot: US Vaccine Prices And Shortages.

In 2004 an Institute of Medicine report warned of vaccine shortages, raising concerns about disease outbreaks. More than a decade later, we looked for progress in reducing vaccine shortages. We analyzed data on vaccine sales and shortages reported by practitioners and patients to the Food and Drug Administration and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists in the period 2004-13.

Candidate exome capture identifies mutation of SDCCAG8 as the cause of a retinal-renal ciliopathy.

Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) are recessive disorders that feature dysplasia or degeneration occurring preferentially in the kidney, retina and cerebellum. Here we combined homozygosity mapping with candidate gene analysis by performing 'ciliopathy candidate exome capture' followed by massively parallel sequencing. We identified 12 different truncating mutations of SDCCAG8 (serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8, also known as CCCAP) in 10 families affected by NPHP-RC.

Nicotianamine, a novel enhancer of rice iron bioavailability to humans.

Background: Polished rice is a staple food for over 50% of the world's population, but contains little bioavailable iron (Fe) to meet human needs. Thus, biofortifying the rice grain with novel promoters or enhancers of Fe utilization would be one of the most effective strategies to prevent the high prevalence of Fe deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in the developing world.

Methodology/principal Findings: We transformed an elite rice line cultivated in Southern China with the rice nicotianamine synthase gene (OsNAS1) fused to a rice glutelin promoter.

Clozapine-induced hepatotoxicity in rat hepatocytes by gel entrapment and monolayer culture.

Clozapine is limitedly used due to its adverse effect including agranulocytosis and hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanism of clozapine toxicity is still not clear. The previous in vitro studies on microsomes proposed a possible mediation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in producing reactive metabolites.