A model of the spatiotemporal distribution of ozone-squalene reaction and ozonolysis by-products from human body.

Emissions of ozone and its by-products from ozonolysis on human surfaces lead to indoor air pollution. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of such emissions in indoor environments remains unclear, which may introduce bias when assessing human exposure to ozone and ozonolysis byproducts. This study developed a computational fluid dynamics model to describe the physical and chemical processes involved in the emission of ozone-dependent volatile organic compounds from the human body.

Higher or lower? Interpersonal behavioral and neural synchronization of movement imitation in autistic children.

How well autistic children can imitate movements and how their brain activity synchronizes with the person they are imitating have been understudied. The current study adopted functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning and employed a task involving real interactions involving meaningful and meaningless movement imitation to explore the fundamental nature of imitation as a dynamic and interactive process. Experiment 1 explored meaningful and meaningless gesture imitation.

Perspectives on human movement considerations in indoor airflow assessment: a comprehensive data-driven systematic review.

Understanding particle dispersion characteristics in indoor environments is crucial for revising infection prevention guidelines through optimized engineering control. The secondary wake flow induced by human movements can disrupt the local airflow field, which enhances particle dispersion within indoor spaces. Over the years, researchers have explored the impact of human movement on indoor air quality (IAQ) and identified noteworthy findings.

Investigation of the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the propagation of COVID-19 in different climatic zones.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the propagation of COVID-19 for indoor heating, ventilation, and air conditioning design and policy development in different climate zones. We proposed a cumulative lag model with two specific parameters of specific average temperature and specific relative humidity to evaluate the impact of temperature and relative humidity on COVID-19 transmission by calculating the relative risk of cumulative effect and the relative risk of lag effect. We considered the temperature and relative humidity corresponding to the relative risk of cumulative effect or the relative risk of lag effect equal to 1 as the thresholds of outbreak.

Control of exhaled SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols in the interpersonal breathing microenvironment in a ventilated room with limited space air stability.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights the importance of understanding and controlling the spread of the coronavirus between persons. We experimentally and numerically investigated an advanced engineering and environmental method on controlling the transmission of airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols in the breathing microenvironment between two persons during interactive breathing process by combining the limited space air stability and a ventilation method. Experiments were carried out in a full-scale ventilated room with different limited space air stability conditions, i.

Assessment of personal exposure to infectious contaminant under the effect of indoor air stability.

The objective of this study is to understand the effect of indoor air stability on personal exposure to infectious contaminant in the breathing zone. Numerical simulations are carried out in a test chamber with a source of infectious contaminant and a manikin (Manikin A). To give a good visual illustration of the breathing zone, the contaminant source is visualized by the mouth of another manikin.

Investigation of exhaled pollutant distribution in the breathing microenvironment in a displacement ventilated room with indoor air stability conditions.

This study experimentally studied the dispersion of exhaled pollutant in the breathing microenvironment (BM) in a room equipped with a displacement ventilation (DV) system and indoor air stability conditions (i.e., stable and unstable conditions).

Insect group II chitinase OfChtII promotes chitin degradation during larva-pupa molting.

The insect group II chitinase (ChtII, also known as Cht10) is a unique chitinase with multiple catalytic and chitin-binding domains. It has been proven genetically to be an essential chitinase for molting. However, ChtII's role in chitin degradation during insect development remains poorly understood.

Nature and characteristics of temperature background effect for interactive respiration process.

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is much more crucial to human health than its atmospheric air quality counterpart. Improving indoor air environment requires investigating how different indoor air stability affects airflow trajectory. By presenting both manikin experiment and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, we find that temperature background effect, i.