The characterization of fucoidan‑sodium caseinate electrostatic complexes with application for pH-triggered release: Microstructure and digestive behavior.

This study was aimed at enhancing the stability of the medium internal phase emulsion by modulating the electrostatic interaction between fucoidan (FUC) and sodium caseinate (NaCS). Firstly, the macro and microstructure of FUC-NaCS electrostatic complexes with the mass ratio of ranged from 0.01: 2 to 4: 2 were examined at pH 3.

Metabolic Engineering of BL21(DE3) for 2'-Fucosyllactose Synthesis in a Higher Productivity.

2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is the most abundant human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). 2'-FL exhibits great benefits for infant health, such as preventing infantile diarrhea and promoting the growth of intestinal probiotics. The microbial cell factory technique has shown promise for the massive production of 2'-FL.

De novo synthesis of hyaluronic acid with tailored molecular weights using a new hyaluronidase SthHL.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) exhibits various biological activities and functions, mainly governed by its molecular weight (M). Traditional HA degradation methods encounter challenges such as environmental pollution and high costs. Thus, developing a safe cell factory with an efficient regulation strategy for one-step production of specific M HA has attracted significant research interest.

Red Swamp Crayfish () as a Growing Food Source: Opportunities and Challenges in Comprehensive Research and Utilization.

The red swamp crayfish () was introduced from Japan to China in the 1920s. Crayfish are now widely distributed in almost all types of freshwater wetlands, including rice fields, ditches, swamps, lakes, and ponds in most provinces of China, owing to their multi-directional movement, rapid growth, adaptability to the environment, and relatively high fecundity. The delectable taste and high nutritional value of crayfish have made them popular among consumers, leading to the significant development of red swamp crayfish farming in the last two decades.

In vitro digestion and fecal fermentation of Tremella fuciformis exopolysaccharides from basidiospore-derived submerged fermentation.

Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPS) belong to natural bioactive macromolecule with both edible and medicinal value, possessing much bioactivities such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, antidiabetics, and immunomodulatory. Currently, the production of TFPS through submerged fermentation (TFPS-1) is gradually replacing the polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body due to improved fermentation efficiency and reduced separation costs. However, it is still unclear about the effect of TFPS-1 on gastrointestinal digestion and gut microbial fermentation, which is directly related to the function of its biological activity.

A new glycoprotein from pigeon egg: Study on its structure and digestive characteristics.

Pigeon egg white (PEW) is widely recognized as a promising source of bioactive proteins, with a high degree of glycosylation. This study focused on the characterization of a novel glycoprotein extracted from PEW, known as ovalbumin-related protein Y (OVAY). Our investigation included an analysis of the N-glycan and protein structures of OVAY, as well as an examination of simulated gastrointestinal digestive products and the transmembrane transport mechanism of OVAY-digested peptides.

Adduct of Pesticide and Lignocellulosic Waste via Cleavable Silaketal Linkages for Agricultural Double Reduction.

The abuse of hazardous agrochemicals leads to excessive toxic agricultural emissions, posing a tremendous threat to the natural surroundings and human well-being. In practice, the amount of pesticides in protecting crops is often far less than that lost into the environment through evaporation and leaching. Minimizing the use of pesticides as well as improving their use efficiency has been included in the policy of "agricultural double reduction," besides replacing the chemical fertilizer with straw returning.

The transcription factor PagLBD4 represses cell differentiation and secondary cell wall biosynthesis in Populus.

LBD (LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN) transcription factors are key regulators of plant growth and development. In this study, we functionally characterized the PagLBD4 gene in Populus (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa). Overexpression of PagLBD4 (PagLBD4OE) significantly repressed secondary xylem differentiation and secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition, while CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PagLBD4 knockout (PagLBD4KO) significantly increased secondary xylem differentiation and SCW deposition.

A comprehensive review of sulfated fucan from sea cucumber: Antecedent and prospect.

Sulfated fucan from sea cucumber is mainly consists of L-fucose and sulfate groups. Recent studies have confirmed that the structure of sulfated fucan mainly consists of repeating units, typically tetrasaccharides. However, there is growing evidence indicating the presence of irregular domains with heterogeneous units that have not been extensively explored.

Production of Lipopeptides and Their Application in Chitosan Antibacterial Coating.

The extracellular substance of has antibacterial effects inhibiting multiple foodborne pathogens and plays important roles in food production. This study found one BVQ121 strain producing antibacterial lipopeptides (BVAL). After optimization of the fermentation conditions, the BVAL yield was the highest at 1.

Deepened Photodynamic Therapy through Skin Optical Clearing Technology in the Visible Light Window.

The trade-off that shorter wavelength light facilitates the efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from photosensitizer (PS) while facing the drawback of limited penetration depth through skin tissue restricts the further development of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, we address this contradiction and achieve visible-light-tailored deep PDT combined with the skin optical clearing technology. With the help of the prepared skin optical clearing gel, the refractive index inhomogeneity between skin tissue components is greatly attenuated, and the light scattering effect within the skin tissue is remarkably reduced.

Effects of Multiple Environmental Stressors on Zoobenthos Communities in Shallow Lakes: Evidence from a Mesocosm Experiment.

Multiple stressors, including climate change, eutrophication, and pesticide contamination, are significant drivers of the decline in lake zoobenthos. Zoobenthos play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems, impacting energy dynamics, nutrient cycling, and sediment degradation. However, these stressors have led to a decrease in the abundance and diversity of zoobenthos, resulting in notable changes in species composition and structure.

Signature methods for brain-computer interfaces.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow direct communication between one's central nervous system and a computer without any muscle movement hence by-passing the peripheral nervous system. They can restore disabled people's ability to interact with their environment, e.g.

Molecular Characteristics and Polymorphisms of Buffalo () Gene and Its Role in Milk Fat Synthesis.

The ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 () serves crucial roles in secreting riboflavin and biotin vitamins into the milk of cattle, mice, and humans, as well as in the transportation of xenotoxic and cytostatic drugs across the plasma membrane. However, the specific role of the gene in water buffaloes (), especially its effect on milk fat synthesis in buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BuMECs), remains inadequately understood. In this study, the full-length CDS of the buffalo gene was isolated and identified from the mammary gland in buffaloes.

Production, structural and functional characteristics of soluble dietary fiber from fermented okara by Penicillium expansum.

Soluble dietary fiber (SDF), an important prebiotic, has attracted growing attention, due to its great health effects and wide application. This study focused on the preparation of SDF from fermented okara. The yield of SDF obtained through Penicillium expansum fermentation (FSDF) reached 45.

Preparation of tanshinone II self-soluble microneedles and its inhibition on proliferation of human skin fibroblasts.

Objective: Hypertrophic scars (HS) are a variety of skin tissue fibrosis disease that occurs in human skin, the effective therapeutic method of which is still inaccessible up to now. As a bioactive constituent of a well-known medical plant, (Danshen in Chinese), tanshinone II (TSA) is reported to inhibit cell proliferation in HS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare TSA self-soluble microneedles to strengthen its dermal retention and break through the difficulty of significantly thickening epidermal connective tissue and stratum corneum at the HS site.

Human Digested Dentin Matrix for Dentin Regeneration and the Applicative Potential in Vital Pulp Therapy.

Introduction: Human dentin is a natural acellular matrix with excellent reported biocompatibility. The aim was to fabricate a novel dentin matrix material from human dentin and investigate its applicative potential for vital pulp therapy.

Methods: Digested dentin matrix extract (DDME) was fabricated using controlled enzymatic digestion under acidic conditions.

Ionothermal Synthesis of Novel Layered Magnesium Phosphate and its Tribological Properties as Grease additives.

A novel layered magnesium phosphate (MgP) was synthesised from a MgO-P O -choline chloride-oxalic acid dihydrate system using an ionothermal approach. Single crystal samples of MgP were obtained following introduction of diethylamine (DEA) to the reaction system. Its structure revealed that both the layer and the sheets contained Mg octahedra.

Effect of conventional needle irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, sonic irrigation and XP-endo finisher in removing intracanal Vitapex paste.

To compare the efficiency of conventional needle irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, sonic irrigation and XP-endo Finisher in removing Vitapex paste from root canals. The root canals of human single-rooted teeth were prepared and obturated with Vitapex paste. After 2 weeks, the 48 teeth were randomly allocated into four groups: conventional needle irrigation (CNI) group, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) group, sonic irrigation (SI) group and XP-endo Finisher (XP) group.

Chain conformation, mucoadhesive properties of fucoidan in the gastrointestinal tract and its effects on the gut microbiota.

Fucoidans are valuable marine polysaccharides with various bioactivities and physicochemical properties. However, its digestive properties, mucoadhesive properties, and bioactivity in the gastrointestinal tract are still unclear. In this study, simulated digestion, fecal fermentation in vitro, and rheology models were utilized to investigate the chain conformation, influence on gut microbiota, and mucin adhesive properties of fucoidan from the sea cucumber Thelenota ananas (Ta-FUC).

Assessment of greenhouse gases emissions and intensity from Chinese marine aquaculture in the past three decades.

Marine aquaculture is increasingly gaining importance as a source of food with high nutritional value. However, the expansion of aquaculture could be responsible for water contamination that influences the environmental quality of coastal ecosystems, and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) that affect global climate. China is the world's largest producer of marine aquaculture protein, which demands robust studies to assess the corresponding GHG emissions and intensity.

Ultradeep Photothermal Therapy Strategies.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) mediated by the second near-infrared light (NIR-II) is considered as the most promising PTT in deep tissues due to the superior penetrability of NIR-II through biological tissues. However, the effective therapeutic depth of NIR-II mediated PTT is limited to only several millimeters beneath the skin tissues. So far, deep PTT still cannot satisfy the depth requirement for most common cancers, including but not limited to lung, pancreatic, colorectal, and stomach cancers.