Macrophage membrane‒biomimetic nanoparticles target inflammatory microenvironment for epilepsy treatment.

The clinical treatment of epilepsy is faced with challenges. On the one hand, the effectiveness of existing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is limited by the blood‒brain barrier (BBB); on the other hand, changes in the inflammatory microenvironment during epileptogenesis are often neglected. The death-associated protein kinase 1 inhibitor TC-DAPK6 and the fluorescent probe rhodamine B were encapsulated in hollow mesoporous silica nanocarriers (HMSNs), which were then coated with a macrophage membrane to prepare macrophage membrane-biomimetic nanoparticles, namely, MA@RT-HMSNs.

Intraocular delivery of ZIF-90-RhB-GW2580 nanoparticles prevents the progression of photoreceptor degeneration.

Photoreceptor degeneration is one of the major causes of progressive blindness which lacks of curative treatment. GW2580, a highly selective inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, has the protective potential on neurons; however, little was known about the application of GW2580 on photoreceptor degeneration. In this study, BV-2 and 661W cells coculture system was constructed to investigate the interaction between microglia and photoreceptors.

The adenosine A (2A) receptor antagonist SCH58261 protects photoreceptors by inhibiting microglial activation and the inflammatory response.

Photoreceptor degeneration is a principal event in a variety of human retinal diseases. Progressive apoptosis of photoreceptors leads to impaired vision and blindness, for which there is no curative treatment. Adenosine 2A receptors (AR) are expressed in microglia.

Comparison of brain microstructure alterations on diffusion kurtosis imaging among Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitively normal individuals.

Objective: Our study aimed to explore the differences in brain microstructure in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in individuals with normal cognition using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) to identify a potential non-invasive biomarker of AD.

Materials And Methods: A total of 61 subjects were included in our study, including 20 subjects diagnosed with AD, 21 patients diagnosed with amnestic MCI, and 20 cognitively normal individuals. We acquired magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and DKI images were processed.

Altered Microstructural Changes Detected by Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging in Patients With Cognitive Impairment After Acute Cerebral Infarction.

Objective: To detect the microstructural changes in patients with cognitive impairment after acute cerebral infarction using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).

Materials And Methods: A total of 70 patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into two groups: 35 patients with cognitive impairment (VCI group), and 35 patients without cognitive impairment (N-VCI group), according to mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score. Healthy individuals ( = 36) were selected as the normal control (NORM) group.

JNK/c-Jun-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia contributed to retinal ganglion cells degeneration induced by indirect traumatic optic neuropathy.

Background: Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON) is a major cause of permanent loss of vision after blunt head trauma. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases. The present study concentrated on JNK/c-Jun-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia during the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in ITON.