Blood biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma: a critical review.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, which represents a serious threat to human life, health and quality of life. Blood-based detection is essential for HCC screening, early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and surveillance. Current non-invasive detection strategy including serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ultrasound, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.

Explaining deep learning models for age-related gait classification based on acceleration time series.

Background: Gait analysis holds significant importance in monitoring daily health, particularly among older adults. Advancements in sensor technology enable the capture of movement in real-life environments and generate big data. Machine learning, notably deep learning (DL), shows promise to use these big data in gait analysis.

The enhancement detection method based on the Fabry-Pérot cavity using terahertz frequency-domain spectroscopy.

This article demonstrates a simple, efficient, and low-cost gas detection method for gases with absorption peaks in the terahertz range. A modes-adjustable Fabry-Pérot cavity is designed. By adjusting the length of the cavity, the center resonant frequency of the cavity can be coupled to the gas absorption peak.

METTL3-mediated m6A modification promotes chemoresistance of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by up-regulating NRF2 to inhibit ferroptosis in cisplatin-resistant cells.

This study explores the relationship between m6A modification and ferroptosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and its impact on cisplatin resistance. We established cisplatin-resistant cells. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of METTL3 on drug resistance, migration, and invasion.

Iatrogenic Injury Recapitulated: Electroexcision Technique for Urethral Stricture Modeling in Rats.

Urethral stricture (US) is a common clinical condition in urology, characterized by high prevalence and morbidity across all ages. Current treatments for US, such as urethral dilatation and internal urethrotomy, fail to fully resolve the condition and are associated with high rates of recurrence and complications. Additionally, the pathogenesis of US is not well understood.

Wideband FMCW radar for long-distance target detection based on photonic chirp pulse stitching.

Current wideband frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar fails in detecting long-distance target, since only the target whose echo is temporally close to the reference linear frequency modulation (LFM) chirp can be detected. We propose a long-distance target detection method for the wideband FMCW radar based on photonic chirp pulse stitching. The stitching photonic chirp pulse that is generated through optical up- and downconversion of the LFM is employed as local signal for the de-chirping process instead of the LFM itself, as currently used.

Mass spectrometry-based multi-omics analysis reveals distinct molecular features in early and advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a serious primary solid tumor that is prevalent worldwide. Due to its high mortality rate, it is crucial to explore both early diagnosis and advanced treatment for HCC. In recent years, multi-omics approaches have emerged as promising tools to identify biomarkers and investigate molecular mechanisms of biological processes and diseases.

Molecular and spatial signatures of human and rat corpus cavernosum physiopathological processes at single-cell resolution.

The composition and cellular heterogeneity of the corpus cavernosum (CC) microenvironment have been characterized, but the spatial heterogeneity at the molecular level remains unexplored. In this study, we integrate single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptome sequencing to comprehensively chart the spatial cellular landscape of the human and rat CC under normal and disease conditions. We observe differences in the proportions of cell subtypes and marker genes between humans and rats.

Cross-phase modulation induced microcomb generation in the normal-dispersion region.

Microcomb generation in the normal-dispersion region usually requires specially designed microresonators with mode interactions, increasing the complexity of device design and control. Here we demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, scheme of frequency comb generation by bidirectionally pumping an ordinary normal-dispersion microresonator. The cross-phase modulation from the counter-propagating light reshapes the cavity response, facilitating the emergence of modulational instability for comb initiation.

Establishing central sensitization inventory cut-off values in Dutch-speaking patients with chronic low back pain by unsupervised machine learning.

Background: Human Assumed Central Sensitization (HACS) is involved in the development and maintenance of chronic low back pain (CLBP). The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) was developed to evaluate the presence of HACS, with a cut-off value of 40/100. However, various factors including pain conditions (e.

Low in-band spurious arbitrary waveform generator based on a 1-bit time-wavelength interleaved photonic digital-to-analog conversion.

We proposed an arbitrary waveform generator based on a 1-bit photonic digital-to-analog conversion (PDAC). The system is based on the principle of photonic pulse sampling and time interleaving. High-speed optical pulses are generated and modulated by digital signals and then synthesized in one path.

Elevated CD169 expressing monocyte/macrophage promotes systemic inflammation and disease progression in cirrhosis.

Systemic inflammation is related to disease progression and prognosis in patients with advanced cirrhosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the initiation of inflammation are still not fully understood. The role of CD169 monocyte/macrophage in cirrhotic systemic inflammation was undetected.

Channel-aware low Earth orbit satellite cluster networking for space-to-Earth laser communication: reliability and bandwidth advantages.

The reliability of the space-to-Earth laser communication plays a crucial role in providing uninterrupted real-time services in satellite optical networks. In traditional satellite optical networks, the space-to-Earth laser communication is carried out using a monolithic satellite in close proximity to the target optical ground station. However, the reliability of the communication in this approach is heavily influenced by the atmospheric environment.

Theoretical Study on the Multiple Free Radical Scavenging Reactions of Pyranoanthocyanins.

The free radical trapping capacities of multiple pyranoanthocyanins in wine storage and ageing were theoretically explored by density functional theory (DFT) methods. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds were detected in all pyranoanthocyanins, and the planarity of the compounds worsened with an increasing dielectric constant in the environment. Solvents significantly influenced the reaction enthalpies; thus, the preferred thermodynamic mechanisms of the free radical scavenging reactions were modified in different phases.

Performance of Fluxgate Magnetometer with Cu-Doped CoFeSiB Amorphous Microwire Core.

In this study, we investigated the effects of Cu doping on the performance of CoFeSiB amorphous microwires as the core of a fluxgate magnetometer. The noise performance of fluxgate sensors primarily depends on the crystal structure of constituent materials. CoFeSiB amorphous microwires with varying Cu doping ratios were prepared using melt-extraction technology.

Dual-comb generation with counter-propagating self-injection-locked solitons.

Microresonator-based optical frequency combs have been greatly developed in the last decade and have shown great potential for many applications. A dual-comb scheme is usually required for lidar ranging, spectroscopy, spectrometer and microwave photonic channelizer. However, dual-comb generation with microresonators would require doubled hardware resources and more complex feedback control.

Optical link encoding based simultaneous correction for crosstalk and nonlinearity in multi-site optical converged networks.

This paper reports a correction scheme to address the problem of modulation nonlinearity and optical switch crosstalk simultaneously for the multi-site optical converged network. Based on the optical link encoding and exclusive-or operation for the received signal, the present spectrum usage can be obtained among the confusion with interferences containing the modulated harmonic distortion and the crosstalk leakage from other sites. The proof-of-concept experiment is performed on various interferences involving the linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveform and the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal.

A DFT-Based Mechanism Analysis of the Cyclodextrin Inclusion on the Radical Scavenging Activity of Apigenin.

Natural flavonoids are renowned for their exceptional antioxidant properties, but their limited water solubility hampers their bioavailability. One approach to enhancing their water solubility and antioxidant activity involves the use of cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion. This study investigated the impact of CD inclusion on the three primary radical scavenging mechanisms associated with flavonoid antioxidant activity, utilizing apigenin as a representative flavonoid and employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Bipolar segmented photonic digital-to-analog converter with wavelength multiplexing and balanced detection.

Photonic digital-to-analog converters (PDACs) with segmented design can achieve better performance than conventional binary PDACs in terms of effective number of bits (ENOB) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR). However, segmented PDACs generally require an increased amount of laser sources. Here, a structure of bipolar segmented PDAC based on laser wavelength multiplexing and balanced detection is proposed.

A combination of FTIR and DFT to study the microstructure properties of ionic liquid-acetonitrile-methanol systems.

Understanding the structural properties of ionic liquids (ILs) in azeotrope mixtures is crucial for designing and synthesizing IL entrainers tailored for extractive distillation. While extensive research has been conducted to comprehend the molecular properties of IL systems, much of this work has been limited to IL-cosolvent binary mixtures and fails to fully capture the essence of breaking azeotropy. In this study, we utilized Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the microstructure of the IL-azeotropic system.

CHIP protects against septic acute kidney injury by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.

Septic acute kidney injury (S-AKI), the most common type of acute kidney injury (AKI), is intimately related to pyroptosis and oxidative stress in its pathogenesis. Carboxy-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP), a U-box E3 ligase, modulates oxidative stress by degrading its targeted proteins. The role of CHIP in S-AKI and its relevance with pyroptosis have not been investigated.

Result-oriented lumped error correction for photonic-assisted broadband phased array processors.

Imperfect optoelectronic devices deteriorate the performance of microwave photonic (MWP) systems and then hinder further practical application. This paper proposes a result-oriented lumped error correction to address the problem in the photonic-assisted broadband phased array. Herein, we focus on the evolution of the ultimate output resulting from various errors due to the nonideality of components.

Landscapes of gut microbiome and bile acid signatures and their interaction in HBV-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Introduction: Submassive hepatic necrosis (SMHN, defined as necrosis of 15-90% of the entire liver on explant) is a likely characteristic pathological feature of ACLF in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. We aimed to comprehensively explore microbiome and bile acids patterns across enterhepatic circulation and build well-performing machine learning models to predict SMHN status.

Methods: Based on the presence or absence of SMHN, 17 patients with HBV-related end-stage liver disease who received liver transplantation were eligible for inclusion.