Copper-Catalyzed Selective Three-Component 1,2-Phosphonoazidation of 1,3-Dienes.

We report a copper-catalyzed selective 1,2-phosphonoazidation of conjugated dienes. This three-component reaction is achieved by using readily available P(O)-H compounds and bench-stable NaN. Salient features of this strategy include its mild reaction conditions, broad functional group tolerance, and high chemoselectivity and regioselectivity.

Visible-Light-Mediated Synthesis of -Alkyl Glycosides via Glycosyl Radical Addition and Aryl Migration.

A visible-light-induced glycoarylation of activated olefins has been accomplished. Glycosyl radicals are generated via radical transfer strategies between (TMS)SiOH and glycosyl bromides. Subsequent radical translocation and rapid 1,4-aryl migration form β-sugar amide derivatives, and eight types of sugars are compatible with this reaction.

Nitrogen supply affects ion homeostasis by modifying root Casparian strip formation through the miR528-LAC3 module in maize.

Although nitrogen (N) is known to affect mineral element homeostasis in plants, the molecular mechanisms of interactions between N and other nutrients remain largely unclear. We report here that N supply affects ion homeostasis in maize. Berberine hemisulfate staining and a propidium iodide penetration assay showed that N luxury significantly delayed Casparian strip (CS) formation in maize roots.

New Insights into Evolution of the ABC Transporter Family in , a Unicellular Charophyte Algae.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play an important role in driving the exchange of multiple molecules across cell membranes. The plant ABC transporter family is among the largest protein families, and recent progress has advanced our understanding of ABC classification. However, the ancestral form and deep origin of plant ABCs remain elusive.

Copper-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Aryl Migration Strategy for the Arylalkylation of Activated Alkenes.

Herein, we describe the copper-catalyzed arylalkylation of activated alkenes via hydrogen-atom transfer and aryl migration strategy. The reaction was carried out through a radical-mediated continuous migration pathway using -fluorosulfonamides as the alkyl source. The primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl radicals formed by intramolecular hydrogen-atom transfer proceeded smoothly.

Site-selective coupling of remote C(sp)-H/-C(sp)-H bonds enabled by Ru/photoredox dual catalysis and mechanistic studies.

Construction of C(sp)-C(sp) bonds regioselective coupling of C(sp)-H/C(sp)-H bonds is challenging due to the low reactivity and regioselectivity of C-H bonds. Here, a novel photoinduced Ru/photocatalyst-cocatalyzed regioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling of dual remote C-H bonds, including inert γ-C(sp)-H bonds in amides and -C(sp)-H bonds in arenes, to construct -alkylated arenes has been accomplished. This metallaphotoredox-enabled site-selective coupling between remote inert C(sp)-H bonds and -C(sp)-H bonds is characterized by its unique site-selectivity, redox-neutral conditions, broad substrate scope and wide use of late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules.

Three-Component Ru-Catalyzed Regioselective Alkylarylation of Vinylarenes via -Selective C(sp)-H Bond Functionalization.

We report a novel Ru-catalyzed regioselective alkylarylation of vinylarenes with alkyl halides and arenes via -C(sp)-H bond functionalization to construct 1,1-diarylalkanes that generally show bioactivity. In this transformation, a wide spectrum of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides and electronically varied arenes was well-tolerated. This reaction is characterized by its exquisite regioselectivity of vinylarenes, unique -C(sp)-H selectivity, and redox-neutral conditions.

Cu-Catalyzed Direct C-H Alkylation of Polyfluoroarenes via Remote C(sp)-H Functionalization in Carboxamides.

A novel dehydrogenative coupling reaction of -fluorocarboxamides with polyfluoroarenes forming C(sp)-C(sp) bonds enabled by copper catalysis has been accomplished. -Fluorocarboxamides are postulated to undergo copper-mediated dehydrogenative cross-coupling reaction with electron-deficient polyfluoroarenes via a radical pathway. Benzylic C-H bonds and aliphatic C-H bonds in -fluorocarboxamides could proceed smoothly and demonstrated excellent regioselectivity.

Combined physiological, transcriptome, and genetic analysis reveals a molecular network of nitrogen remobilization in maize.

In plants, nitrogen remobilization from source to sink organs is an important process regulated by complex transcriptional regulatory networks. However, the relationship between nitrogen remobilization and leaf senescence and the molecular regulatory network that controls them are unknown in maize. Here, using 15N labeling and a transcriptome approach, a dynamic analysis of the nitrogen remobilization process was conducted in two elite maize inbred lines (PH4CV and PH6WC) with contrasting leaf senescence.

Recombination Pattern Characterization via Simulation Using Different Maize Populations.

Efficient recombination is critical to both plant breeding and gene cloning. However, almost all traditional recombination studies and genetic improvements require the slow and labor-intensive population construction process, and little is known about the recombination characteristics of populations of different types, generations, and origins. Here, we provide a simple and efficient simulation method for population construction based on doubled haploid (DH) and intermated B73 × Mo17 maize (IBM) populations to predict the recombination pattern.

Overexpression of a glyoxalase gene, OsGly I, improves abiotic stress tolerance and grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Glyoxalase I (Gly I) is a component of the glyoxalase system which is involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a byproduct of glycolysis. In the present study, a gene of rice (Oryza sativa L., cv.

Identification and validation of a major quantitative trait locus for slow-rusting resistance to stripe rust in wheat.

Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp.