Directly Grown Polyimide Covalent Organic Framework Films with High Electrochromic and Energy-Storage Performance.

Two dimensional covalent organic framework (2D COF) films based on triphenylamine are considered to be promising electrochromic and energy-storage materials owing to their interlayer π-π electron delocalization, one-dimensional (1D) nanopores, and stable chemical structures. Triphenylamine-based 2D COF electrochromic films, nevertheless, rarely exhibit transparency and high optical contrast, which severely limited the scope of their application. In this work, two directly grown triphenylamine-based polyimide 2D COF films, TAPA-PMDA and TAPA-NTCDA PI COF, were prepared through solvothermal technology.

A comparative study on the thermal runaway process mechanism of a pouch cell based on Li-rich layered oxide cathodes with different activation degrees.

Li-rich layered oxide (LLO) is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation batteries. At present, most of the research studies are focusing on the normal electrochemical properties of LLOs, while safety issues of the cells are neglected. To address this problem, this article systematically investigates the thermal runaway (TR) process of the pouch cell based on LLOs and elucidates how different activation degrees influence the thermal stability of the cathode material and cell, through various thermal analysis methods.

Insights into ubiquitinome dynamics in the host‒pathogen interplay during Francisella novicida infection.

Ubiquitination functions as an important posttranslational modification for orchestrating inflammatory immune responses and cell death during pathogenic infection. The ubiquitination machinery is a major target hijacked by pathogenic bacteria to promote their survival and proliferation. Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays detrimental roles in host defense against Francisella novicida (F.

New information about the cyclable capacity fading process of a pouch cell with Li-rich layered oxide cathodes.

Most studies investigate the cyclable capacity fading mechanism of Li-rich layered oxides (LLOs) from the microscopic structure level, lacking discussions about how the structure degradation influences the performance of the pouch cell precisely and quantitatively. Based on the analysis of the evolution of key parameters during the whole cycling period, a new transition-type fading mechanism is proposed. From the early-to-middle stage of the cycling period, polarization increases, most of which is interface-related, causing about 67% of the whole capacity loss.

NCF4 attenuates colorectal cancer progression by modulating inflammasome activation and immune surveillance.

The spatiotemporal regulation of inflammasome activation remains unclear. To examine the mechanism underlying the assembly and regulation of the inflammasome response, here we perform an immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and identify NCF4/1/2 as ASC-binding proteins. Reduced NCF4 expression is associated with colorectal cancer development and decreased five-year survival rate in patients with colorectal cancer.

OTUD5 promotes the inflammatory immune response by enhancing MyD88 oligomerization and Myddosome formation.

Myddosome is an oligomeric complex required for the transmission of inflammatory signals from TLR/IL1Rs and consists of MyD88 and IRAK family kinases. However, the molecular basis for the self-assemble of Myddosome proteins and regulation of intracellular signaling remains poorly understood. Here, we identify OTUD5 acts as an essential regulator for MyD88 oligomerization and Myddosome formation.

Design and Mechanism Study of High-Safety and Long-Life Electrolyte for High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Although nonflammable electrolytes are beneficial for battery safety, they often adversely affect the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries due to their poor compatibility with electrodes. Herein, we design a nonflammable electrolyte consisting of cyclic carbonate and 2,2-difluoroethyl acetate (DFEA) solvents paired with several surface-film-forming additives, significantly improving the safety and cycling performance of NMC811||SiO/graphite pouch cells. The DFEA solvent exhibits not only good flame retardancy but also lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy, promoting the formation of a robust inorganic-rich and gradient-architecture hybrid interface between the SiO/graphite anode and electrolyte.

TRIM26 alleviates fatal immunopathology by regulating inflammatory neutrophil infiltration during Candida infection.

Fungal infections have emerged as a major concern among immunocompromised patients, causing approximately 2 million deaths each year worldwide. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying antifungal immunity remain elusive and require further investigation. The E3 ligase Trim26 belongs to the tripartite motif (Trim) protein family, which is involved in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, antiviral innate immunity, and inflammatory responses.

Surface modification of rare earth Sm-doped WO films through polydopamine for enhanced electrochromic energy storage performance.

Electrochromic materials (ECMs) could exhibit reversible color changes upon application of the external electric field, which exhibits huge application prospects in smart windows, energy storage devices, and displays. For the practical application of ECMs, the fast response speed and long cyclic stability are urgent. In this work, the nanoporous Sm-doped WO (WSm) films were constructed using hydrothermal technology, then polydopamine (PDA) was modified on the surface of WSm film to obtain the WSm/Px (x = 0.

Review on Hydrophobic Thin Films Prepared Using Magnetron Sputtering Deposition.

Hydrophobic thin films have gained significant attention due to their broad applications in self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, anti-icing, medicine, oil-water separation, and other fields. The target hydrophobic materials can be deposited onto various surfaces thanks to the scalable and highly reproducible nature of magnetron sputtering, which is comprehensively overviewed in this review. While alternative preparation methods have been extensively analyzed, a systematic understanding of hydrophobic thin films fabricated using magnetron sputtering deposition is still absent.

Ginsenoside Rk1-Loaded Manganese-Doped Hollow Titania for Enhancing Tumor Sonodynamic Therapy Upregulation of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species.

Amplifying the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level remains an urgent challenge for efficient sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of tumors. Herein, by loading ginsenoside Rk1 with manganese-doped hollow titania (MHT), a Rk1@MHT sonosensitizer was conceived to strengthen the outcome of tumor SDT. The results verify that manganese-doping remarkably elevates the UV-visible absorption and decreases the bandgap energy of titania from 3.

Microbiota-derived acetate enhances host antiviral response via NLRP3.

Pathogenic viral infections represent a major challenge to human health. Host immune responses to respiratory viruses are closely associated with microbiome and metabolism via the gut-lung axis. It has been known that host defense against influenza A virus (IAV) involves activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, however, mechanisms behind the protective function of NLRP3 are not fully known.

Big data technology in infectious diseases modeling, simulation, and prediction after the COVID-19 outbreak.

After the outbreak of COVID-19, the interaction of infectious disease systems and social systems has challenged traditional infectious disease modeling methods. Starting from the research purpose and data, researchers improved the structure and data of the compartment model or used agents and artificial intelligence based models to solve epidemiological problems. In terms of modeling methods, the researchers use compartment subdivision, dynamic parameters, agent-based model methods, and artificial intelligence related methods.

NLRP3 Attenuates Intraocular Inflammation by Inhibiting AIM2-Mediated Pyroptosis Through the Phosphorylated Salt-Inducible Kinase 1/Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Transcription Factor 1 Pathway.

Objective: The NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to be involved in the development of uveitis, but the exact mechanism remains elusive. This study was undertaken to explore the role of NLRP3 in the development of uveitis.

Methods: First, Nlrp3-deficient mice were used to study the role of NLRP3 in experimental autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Interference with LTβR signaling by tick saliva facilitates transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes.

Lyme spirochetes have coevolved with ticks to optimize transmission to hosts using tick salivary molecules (TSMs) to counteract host defenses. TSMs modulate various molecular events at the tick-host interface. Lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTβR) is a vital immune receptor and plays protective roles in host immunity against microbial infections.

Application of big data and artificial intelligence in epidemic surveillance and containment.

Faced with the current time-sensitive COVID-19 pandemic, the overburdened healthcare systems have resulted in a strong demand to develop newer methods to control the spread of the pandemic. Big data and artificial intelligence (AI) have been leveraged amid the COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known about their use for supporting public health efforts. In epidemic surveillance and containment, efforts are needed to treat critical patients, track and manage the health status of residents, isolate suspected cases, and develop vaccines and antiviral drugs.

The giant E3 ligase HUWE1 is linked to tumorigenesis, spermatogenesis, intellectual disability, and inflammatory diseases.

E3 ubiquitin ligases determine the substrate specificity and catalyze the ubiquitination of lysine residues. HUWE1 is a catalytic HECT domain-containing giant E3 ligase that contains a substrate-binding ring structure, and mediates the ubiquitination of more than 40 diverse substrates. HUWE1 serves as a central node in cellular stress responses, cell growth and death, signal transduction, etc.

IL-3 Expands Pre-Basophil and Mast Cell Progenitors by Upregulating the IL-3 Receptor Expression.

Basophils and mast cells play a critical role in allergic inflammation and provide protective immunity against certain types of parasitic infections. Expansion of basophils and mast cells to the critical numbers is believed to be an essential step in enabling basophils and mast cells to carry out their protective functions. However, factors that drive basophil and mast cell expansion are still incompletely understood.

Improving the performance of silicon monoxide anodes tuning a multiple pre-doping system: a first-principles study.

Silicon monoxide is a potentially viable anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, a low initial coulombic efficiency and large volume expansion limit its commercial application. Pre-lithiation is an efficient solution, but is expensive because of limited "pre-lithiation" sources.