Nano-TiO impairs the health of crabs Charybdis japonica under warming conditions through waterborne and dietary exposures.

The widespread use of nano titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂) poses ecological risks to marine ecosystems, especially when combined with ocean warming. However, most previous studies have only examined water-related exposures, leaving a gap in research on the impact of food transfer on organisms. In this work, the harmful impacts of nano-TiO on the Japanese swimming crab Charybdis japonica were studied through three scenarios: direct exposure (DE) of the crabs to warming and nano-TiO, indirect exposure (IE) via consumption of thick-shelled mussels Mytilus coruscus exposed to the same conditions, and combined exposure (CE), where crabs were directly subjected to warming and nano-TiO while feeding affected mussels.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among elementary students in rural China: Prevalence, correlates, and consequences.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widely recognized mental health problem in developed countries but remains under-investigated in developing settings. This study examines the prevalence, correlates, and consequences of ADHD symptoms among elementary school students in rural China.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 6,719 students across 120 rural primary schools in China on ADHD symptoms, demographic characteristics, and academic performance in reading and math.

Safety of eyeglasses wear for visual acuity among middle school students in northwestern rural China: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the effect of free eyeglasses provision on visual acuity among middle school students in northwestern rural China.

Methods And Analysis: Among 31 middle schools randomly selected from 47 middle schools in northwestern rural China, students were randomly allocated by school to one of two interventions: free eyeglasses (intervention group), and eyeglasses prescriptions given only to the parents (control group). The main outcome of this study is uncorrected visual acuity after 9 months, adjusted for baseline visual acuity.

Safety of Spectacles for Children's Vision: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To study safety of children's glasses in rural China, where fear that glasses harm vision is an important barrier for families and policy makers.

Design: Exploratory analysis from a cluster-randomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial.

Methods: Among primary schools (n = 252) in western China, children were randomized by school to 1 of 3 interventions: free glasses provided in class, vouchers for free glasses at a local facility, or glasses prescriptions only (Control group).

Effect of providing free glasses on children's educational outcomes in China: cluster randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the effect of provision of free glasses on academic performance in rural Chinese children with myopia.

Design: Cluster randomized, investigator masked, controlled trial.

Setting: 252 primary schools in two prefectures in western China, 2012-13.

Accuracy of rural refractionists in western China.

Purpose: We assessed the prevalence and predictors of inaccurate refractive error among rural refractionists in western China.

Methods: A subset of primary school children with visual acuity (VA) ≤6/12 in ≥1 eye, undergoing subjective refinement by local refractionists after cycloplegic autorefraction in an ongoing population-based study, received repeat refraction by university optometrists for quality control.

Results: Among 502 children (mean age 10.