Critical review on modified floating photocatalysts for emerging contaminants removal from landscape water: problems, methods and mechanism.

Due to the disorderly discharge in modern production and daily life of people, emerging contaminants(ECs) began to appear in landscape water, and have become a key public concern. Because of the unique characteristics of landscape water, it is difficult to efficiently remove ECs either by natural purification or by traditional large-scale sewage treatment facilities. The ideal purification method is to remove them while maintaining a beautiful environment.

Progress in semiconductor materials for photocathodic protection: Design strategies and applications in marine corrosion protection.

Metal protection of offshore equipment is very complicated owing to the complex marine environment. Photocathodic protection (PCP) is one of the popular research topics in marine metal protection. The protection efficiency of photoanode depends largely on the photoelectric properties of semiconductor materials, viz.

Erythropoietin enhances meniscal regeneration and prevents osteoarthritis formation in mice.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of pain and disability, and knee is the most commonly afflicted joint. Meniscal tear due to injury or degeneration is an established factor for OA pathogenesis. Previous studies have demonstrated that meniscectomy does not reduce the OA incidence.

Investigative biological therapies for primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dryness of the eyes and mouth. The histological feature is mononuclear cell infiltration in exocrine glands, primarily salivary and lachrymal glands. As the disease progresses, some other tissues and organs may be involved and extraglandular manifestations ensue.

Aggregation and Dissociation of Aqueous Al Induced by Fluoride Substitution.

The ε-Keggin ion AlOAl(OH)(HO) (ε-K Al) is a double-edged sword, because it commonly acts as a toxic component toward aquatic organisms, but also is considered to be an effective coagulant. Gaining deep insight into the transformation of ε-K Al in the presence of coexisting ligands would have significant implications for water environmental science, as well as for practical water purification. The aggregation and dissociation of aqueous Al induced by fluoride (F) substitution were herein investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and theoretical calculations.

Identification of Al on the Colloid Surface Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Al is the most active polymeric Al species responsible for coagulation at the solid-liquid interface, whereas the detection techniques for Al at the interface are currently limited. In this study, for the first time, the identification of Al on the silicon dioxide-based colloid surface was realized by using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), which is an ideal surface method sensitive for single-molecule detection. The high purity Al salts were prepared by an electrolysis procedure followed by precipitation or metathesis.

Rh(III)-Catalyzed Cascade Oxidative Annulation of Benzoylacetonitrile with Alkynes: Computational Study of Mechanism, Reactivity, and Regioselectivity.

The mechanism of the rhodium-catalyzed cascade oxidative annulation of benzoylacetonitrile with alkynes is investigated using density functional theory calculations. The result shows that the reaction undergoes a stepwise annulation process, wherein the 1-naphthol acts as an intermediate. The first-step annulation involves the sp(3) C-H bond cleavage, sp(2) C-H bond cleavage, alkyne insertion into the Rh-C(sp(2)) bond, ketone enolization, and reductive elimination to produce the 1-naphthol intermediate.

Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Benzannulation of Heteroaryl Propargylic Esters: Synthesis of Indoles and Related Heterocycles.

A de novo synthesis of a benzene ring allows for the preparation of a diverse range of heterocycles including indoles, benzofurans, benzothiophenes, carbazoles, and dibenzofurans from simple heteroaryl propargylic esters using a unified carbonylative benzannulation strategy. Multiple substituents can be easily introduced to the C4-C7 positions of indoles and related heterocycles.

Rigid Organization of Fluorescence-Active Ligands by Artificial Macrocyclic Receptor to Achieve the Thioflavin T-Amyloid Fibril Level Association.

The push-pull molecules with an intramolecular charge transfer from donor to acceptor sides upon excitation exhibit a wide variety of biological and electronic activities, as exemplified by the in vivo fluorescence imaging probes for amyloid fibrils in the diagnosis and treatment of amyloid diseases. Interestingly, the structurally much simpler bis(4,8-disulfonato-1,5-naphtho)-32-crown-8 (DNC), in keen contrast to the conventional macrocyclic receptors, was found to dramatically enhance the fluorescence of twisted intramolecular charge-transfer molecules possessing various benzothiazolium and stilbazolium fluorophores upon complexation. Spectroscopic and microcalorimetric titrations jointly demonstrated the complex structures and the interactions that promote the extremely strong complexation, revealing that the binding affinity in these artificial host-guest pairs could reach up to a nearly 10(7) M(-1) order of magnitude in water, and the sandwich-type complexation is driven by electrostatic, hydrophobic, π-stacking, and hydrogen-bonding interactions.

Nickel-Catalyzed Hydroacylation of Styrenes with Simple Aldehydes: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Insights.

The first nickel-catalyzed intermolecular hydroacylation reaction of alkenes with simple aldehydes has been developed. This reaction offers a new approach to the selective preparation of branched ketones in high yields (up to 99%) and branched selectivities (up to 99:1). Experimental data provide evidence for reversible formation of acyl-nickel-alkyl intermediate, and DFT calculations show that the aldehyde C-H bond transfer to a coordinated alkene without oxidative addition is involved.

[IR spectral-analysis-based range estimation for an object with small temperature difference from background].

It is a typical passive ranging technology that estimation of distance of an object is based on transmission characteristic of infrared radiation, it is also a hotspot in electro-optic countermeasures. Because of avoiding transmitting energy in the detection, this ranging technology will significantly enhance the penetration capability and infrared conceal capability of the missiles or unmanned aerial vehicles. With the current situation in existing passive ranging system, for overcoming the shortage in ranging an oncoming target object with small temperature difference from background, an improved distance estimation scheme was proposed.

catena-Poly[[[diaqua-copper(II)]-bis-[μ-1,5-bis-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pentane-κ(2) N (3):N (3')]] naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate].

In the title complex, {[Cu(C11H16N4)2(H2O)2](C10H6O6S2)} n , the Cu(II) atom, lying on an inversion center, is six-coordinated by two water mol-ecules and four N atoms from four 1,5-bis-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pentane (biim-5) ligands in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. Adjacent Cu(II) atoms are linked by two biim-5 ligands, forming a chain along [111]. Two atoms of the pentane group are disordered over two sets of sites, with an occupancy ratio of 0.

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of eccentric Au-titania core-shell nanoparticles by block copolymer templates.

A novel route for a preparation of eccentric Au-titania core-shell nanoparticles using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with block copolymer shells as a template is reported. AuNPs with poly(2-vinyl pyridine)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PVP-b-PEO) block copolymer shells are first prepared by UV irradiation of the solution of PVP-b-PEO/HAuCl(4) complexes. Then the sol-gel reaction of titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) selectively on the surfaces of AuNPs leads to Au-titania core-shell composite nanoparticles.