Interactions between pectin, starch and linoleic acid and their effects on starch structure, digestion and release properties.

This study aimed at gaining insight into the mechanism of interactions between pectin (PE), starch and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in relation to structure, in vitro digestibility and release properties of starch. Due to the barrier and encapsulation effects of PE, the complexing behavior of potato starch (PtS) with linoleic acid (LOA) was enhanced, which increased the complexing index, the compactness of network structure, short-range ordered structure and relative crystallinity of PtS-LOA-PE films. These structural changes resulted in the increases of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch and in the decreases of first-order rate coefficient in PtS-LOA-PE films.

Characterization, in vitro digestibility and release properties of starch-linoleic acid-sodium alginate composite film.

This study aimed to improve the complexing degree, digestibility and controlled release properties of the potato starch (PS)-linoleic acid (LA) complexes by encapsulating PS-LA complexes to sodium alginate (AG) beads. The results revealed that AG had a positive effect on the complexing index, R values, relative crystallinity, enthalpy and morphological structure of PS-LA-AG films, especially for PS-LA-AG film with the PS-LA: AG of 5:1. The in vitro digestion and hydrolysis kinetic analysis indicated that AG addition reduced the digestibility of PS-LA-AG films to a higher slowly digestible starch content and resistant starch content and a lower equilibrium hydrolysis percentage and kinetic constant.

Structural and in vitro starch digestion properties of starch-fatty acid nanocomplexes: effect of chain lengths and degree of unsaturation of fatty acids.

Background: The structural and digestion properties of starch-lipid complexes are closely related to the properties of lipids. The chain length and degree of unsaturation of fatty acids (FAs), which can affect the structural and digestion properties of starch-lipid nanocomplexes, therefore need to be examined in detail to gain a better understanding of this. In this study, the effects of chain length (10-18 carbons) and degree of unsaturation (0-2) of FA on the structural and in vitro starch digestion properties of high amylose corn starch (HAS)-FA nanocomplexes were investigated, as was the correlation between their structural alterations and digestibility.

Understanding the aggregation structure, digestive and rheological properties of corn, potato, and pea starches modified by ultrasonic frequency.

Corn starch (CS), potato starch (PtS), and pea starch (PS) were modified by ultrasonic frequency (codes as UFCS, UFPtS and UFPS), and changes in aggregation structure, digestibility and rheology were investigated. For UFCS, the apparent amylose content and gelatinization enthalpy (∆H) decreased, while the R values and relative crystallinity (RC) increased under lower ultrasonic frequencies (20 kHz and 25 kHz). For UFPtS, the apparent amylose content, R values and RC increased, while the ∆H decreased under a higher ultrasonic frequency (28 kHz).

Changes in structural, digestive, and rheological properties of corn, potato, and pea starches as influenced by different ultrasonic treatments.

Ultrasound was widely used in starch modification, whereas there was no review focusing on the effects of different ultrasonic treatments on A-, B- and C-type starches. In this study, the effects of ultrasonic power (UP, 100-600 W) and ultrasonic time (UT, 5-35 min) on structural, digestibility and rheology of corn starch (CS), potato starch (PtS), and pea starch (PS) were investigated. As a result, UP and UT decreased the apparent amylose content of CS and PS, while increased the apparent amylose content of PtS.

Epigenetic Landscape Analysis of the Long Non-Coding RNA and Messenger RNA in a Mouse Model of Corneal Alkali Burns.

Purpose: Corneal alkali burns (CABs) are a common clinical ocular disease, presenting a poor prognosis. Although some long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) reportedly play a key role in epigenetic regulation associated with CABs, studies regarding the lncRNA signature in CABs remain rare and elusive.

Methods: A CAB model was established in C57BL/6J mice and profiling of lncRNA expressions was performed by RNA-Seq.

Association of High-Mobility Group Box-1 with Inflammationrelated Cytokines in the Aqueous Humor with Acute Primary Angle-Closure Eyes.

Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the levels of High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and inflammation-related cytokines in the aqueous humor of patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (APAG) and age-related cataract eyes (ARC).

Methods: Aqueous humor samples were obtained from 59 eyes of 59 Chinese subjects (APAG, 32 eyes; and ARC, 27eyes). The multiplex bead immunoassay technique was used to measure the levels of HMGB1 and IL-8, IL-6, G-CSF, MCP-3, VEGF, sVEGFR- 1, sVEFGR-2, TNF-α, PDGF, and IL-10 in aqueous.

Involvement of Upregulated P53-Induced Death Domain Protein in Retinal Ganglion Cells Apoptosis After Optic Nerve Crush.

Purpose: Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) apoptosis is a common characteristic of optic neuropathies. p53-induced protein with a death domain (PIDD) is a well-known regulator of genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis, which is constitutively cleaved into three main fragments: PIDD-N, PIDD-C and PIDD-CC. Thus, we aim to determine the physiological relevance of PIDD in RGCs apoptosis in an optic nerve crush (ONC) model.