CTSG restraines the proliferation and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by blocking the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is recognized as the sixth most prevalent cancer globally, with around 900,000 new cases diagnosed each year. The management of HNSC poses significant challenges due to its rising incidence and suboptimal treatment outcomes in many patients. Thus, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive the onset and advancement of HNSC is crucial in order to steer the creation of novel treatment strategies.

PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer.

Dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of various cancers. In hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer, aberrations in this pathway are increasingly recognized as key drivers of resistance to endocrine therapy and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, the first-line treatments for this disease subtype. Recognizing the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies, significant advancements have been made in developing PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors for HR+ advanced/metastatic breast cancer.

Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics to reveal anti-immunosuppression mechanism of polysaccharide.

It is well documented that immunosuppression in chickens increases the risk of secondary infections and immunodeficiencies, resulting in significant financial setbacks for the poultry sector. It is crucial to determine if polysaccharide (LBP) can counteract immune suppression in young chickens, considering its known ability to modulate immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the antagonistic effect and mechanism of LBP on immunosuppression in chicks.

Constructing an Active Sulfur-Vacancy-Rich Surface for Selective *CH-CH Coupling in CO-to-CH Conversion With 92% Selectivity.

To achieve high selectivity in photocatalytic CO reduction to C products, increasing the number of CO adsorption sites and lowering the energy barriers for key intermediates are critical. A ZnInS (ZIS)/MoO (Z-M) photocatalyst is presented, in which plasmonic MoO generates hot electrons, creating a multielectron environment in ZIS that facilitates efficient C─C coupling reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that MoO reduces the formation energy of sulfur vacancies (S) in ZIS, thereby enhancing CO adsorption and activation.

Diffusion Modeling with Domain-conditioned Prior Guidance for Accelerated MRI and qMRI Reconstruction.

This study introduces a novel image reconstruction technique based on a diffusion model that is conditioned on the native data domain. Our method is applied to multi-coil MRI and quantitative MRI (qMRI) reconstruction, leveraging the domain-conditioned diffusion model within the frequency and parameter domains. The prior MRI physics are used as embeddings in the diffusion model, enforcing data consistency to guide the training and sampling process, characterizing MRI k-space encoding in MRI reconstruction, and leveraging MR signal modeling for qMRI reconstruction.

Sensitive extraction of seven pesticide residues from environmental water with magnetic graphene oxide-based covalent organic framework.

The use of pesticides has increased with the development of agriculture. However, due to the trace content and the matrix's inherent complexity in environmental water, development of rapid and sensitive detection method present significant challenges in the analysis of pesticide residues. The study synthesized magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) by combining superparamagnetic nanoparticles with the easy modification of graphene oxide (GO).

T cell proliferation-related subtypes, prognosis model and characterization of tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Thirty-three synthetic driver genes of T-cell proliferation have recently been identified through genome-scale screening. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy mediated by multiple T cell proliferation-related genes (TRGs) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) remain unclear.

Methods: This study examined the genetic and transcriptional changes in 771 patients with HNSC by analyzing the TRGs from two independent datasets.

PAIT effect: Padlock activator inhibits the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a.

The CRISPR/Cas12a system is increasingly used in biosensor development. However, high background signal and low sensitivity for the non-nucleic acid targets detection is challenging. Here, a padlock activator which could inhibit the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a system in the intact form by steric hindrance effect (PAIT effect) was designed for non-nucleic acid targets detection.

The supramolecular synthon behavior within cocrystals of pyrazinamide and alkyl dicarboxylic acids: A perspective from terahertz spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculation.

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a widely-used anti-tuberculosis pharmaceutical, but its poor solubility prompts us to optimize pharmaceutical performance. Cocrystallization is a promising technique to improve physiochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) by connecting it with cocrystal former (CCF) via intermolecular interactions. Even though a series of alkyl dicarboxylic acids are employed to form cocrystal structures, systematic understanding on the role of intermolecular interactions is still missing.

Treatment of HNSC and pulmonary metastasis using the anti-helminthic drug niclosamide to modulate Stat3 signaling activity.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is a dangerous cancer that represents an important threat to human health. Niclosamide is an anti-helminthic drug that has received FDA approval. In drug repurposing screens, niclosamide was found to inhibit proliferative activity for a range of tumor types.

Nonconserved epitopes dominate reverse preexisting T cell immunity in COVID-19 convalescents.

The herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is continuously consolidated across the world during the ongoing pandemic. However, the potential function of the nonconserved epitopes in the reverse preexisting cross-reactivity induced by SARS-CoV-2 to other human coronaviruses is not well explored. In our research, we assessed T cell responses to both conserved and nonconserved peptides shared by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, identifying cross-reactive CD8 T cell epitopes using enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining assays.

Cascaded *CO-*COH Intermediates on a Nonmetallic Plasmonic Photocatalyst for CO-to-CH with 90.6 % Selectivity.

Oxygen vacancies (O) in nonmetallic plasmonic photocatalysts can decrease the energy barrier for CO reduction, boosting C1 intermediate production for potential C formation. However, their susceptibility to oxidation weakens C1 intermediate adsorption. Herein we proposed a "photoelectron injection" strategy to safeguard O in WO by creating a WO/ZIS (W/Z) plasmonic photocatalyst.

A study on the treatment effects of polysaccharide on non-alcoholic fatty liver in mice by modulating gut microbiota.

The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of polysaccharide (CPP) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. The findings demonstrated that CPP improved free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and effectively reduced liver steatosis and epididymal fat weight in NAFLD mice, as well as decreased serum levels of TG, TC, AST, ALT, and LDL-C. Furthermore, CPP exhibited inhibitory effects on the expression of fatty acid synthesis genes FASN and ACC while activating the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes CPT1A and PPARα.

Identification and verification of AK4 as a protective immune-related biomarker in adipose-derived stem cells and breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains the most common cancer among women, and novel post-surgical reconstruction techniques, including autologous fat transplantation, have emerged. While Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are known to impact the viability of fat grafts, their influence on breast cancer progression remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the genetic interplay between ADSCs and breast cancer, focusing on potential therapeutic targets.

Knockdown of ACOT4 alleviates gluconeogenesis and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.

Acyl-CoA thioesterase 4 (ACOT4) has been reported to be related to acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity regulation; However, its exact functions in liver lipid and glucose metabolism are still unclear. Here, we discovered explored the regulatory roles of ACOT4 in hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism . We found that the expression level of ACOT4 was significantly increased in the hepatic of db/db and ob/ob mice as well as obese mice fed a high fat diet.