Parvalbumin neurons mediate neurological phenotypes of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis, often present with severe psychiatric symptoms, yet the neuropathological mechanisms underlying their cognitive deficits remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we constructed an animal model using anti-NMDAR IgG purified from the serum of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, and we used IgG obtained from healthy individuals as a control. Daily administration of anti-NMDAR IgG into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice for 7 days resulted in cognitive impairments resembling clinical symptoms, which spontaneously resolved 30 days after discontinuing the injections.

Effects of vitamin D on brain function in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: a resting-state functional MRI study.

Background: Previous studies indicate vitamin D impacts autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but its relationship with brain function is unclear. This study investigated the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and brain function in preschool children with ASD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), and explored correlations with clinical symptoms.

Methods: A total of 226 ASD patients underwent rs-fMRI scanning and serum 25(OH)D testing.

Effect of Painful Stimuli on PVNCRH Neurons: Implications for States of Consciousness Under Isoflurane Anesthesia.

Background: Many patients undergoing surgery experience accompanying pain symptoms preoperatively. The impact of painful stimuli on general anesthesia remains largely unknown. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVNCRH neurons) are crucial central stress hubs that respond to painful stimuli.

Brain morphometric analysis in patients with glutaric aciduria type 1.

Purpose: Cerebral structural changes in both cortical and subcortical regions were detected in the pathology of glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA-1) patients. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging was limited by radiologist-inter variability in evaluating its severity. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the affected brain structures and their functional correlations within the cortical and subcortical regions of patients with GA-1.

Morphology and Distribution of Fat Globules in Osteomyelitis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology and distribution characteristics of fat globules in osteomyelitis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: Patients with pathologically-confirmed osteomyelitis and MRI scans were retrospectively enrolled, and fat globules on the MRI images were analyzed.

Results: Among 103 patients with non-traumatic osteomyelitis, 75 were fat globule negative and 28 were positive.

Dissociation-related behaviors in mice emerge from the inhibition of retrosplenial cortex parvalbumin interneurons.

Dissociation, characterized by altered consciousness and perception, underlies multiple mental disorders, but the specific neuronal subtypes involved remain elusive. In mice, we find that dissociation-inducing doses of ketamine significantly inhibit retrosplenial cortex (RSC) parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs), enhancing delta oscillations (1-3 Hz) and delta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (δ-γ PAC) and inducing dissociation-like behaviors. Optogenetic inhibition of RSC PV-INs triggers delta oscillations, δ-γ PAC, and some dissociation-like behaviors without ketamine.

Modulation of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus by Sphingomonas Sp Y503 via the CrMAPKKK1-CrMAPKK1/CrMAPKK2-CrMPK3 Signaling Cascade.

Catharanthus roseus is a highly relevant model for investigating plant defense mechanisms and the biosynthesis of therapeutically valuable compounds, including terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). It has been demonstrated that beneficial microbial interactions can regulate TIA biosynthesis in C. roseus, highlighting the need to fully comprehend the molecular mechanisms involved to efficiently implement eco-friendly strategies.

Preliminary study on the effect of lumbar axial rotation on bone mineral density measured by DXA and QCT.

Currently, the relationship between axial rotation of the vertebrae and bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the effect of vertebral rotation on volumetric bone mineral density (v-BMD) and areal bone mineral density (a-BMD), further to propose the corrected strategies. To achieve this, a phantom, which was rotated from 0° to 25° in 5° increments, was utilized.

A hominoid-specific signaling axis regulating the tempo of synaptic maturation.

Human cortical neurons (hCNs) exhibit high dendritic complexity and synaptic density, and the maturation process is greatly protracted. However, the molecular mechanism governing these specific features remains unclear. Here, we report that the hominoid-specific gene TBC1D3 promotes dendritic arborization and protracts the pace of synaptogenesis.

Single-dose methamphetamine administration impairs ORM retrieval in mice via excessive DA-mediated inhibition of PrL activity.

Methamphetamine (METH), an abused psychostimulant, impairs cognition through prolonged or even single-dose exposure, but animal experiments have shown contradictory effects on memory deficits. In this study we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of single-dose METH administration on the retrieval of object recognition memory (ORM) in mice. We showed that single-dose METH administration (2 mg/kg, i.

Domain Switching Characteristics in Ga-Doped HfO Ferroelectric Thin Films with Low Coercive Field.

The gallium-doped hafnium oxide (Ga-HfO) films with different Ga doping concentrations were prepared by adjusting the HfO/GaO atomic layer deposition cycle ratio for high-speed and low-voltage operation in HfO-based ferroelectric memory. The Ga-HfO ferroelectric films reveal a finely modulated coercive field () from 1.1 (HfO/GaO = 32:1) to an exceptionally low 0.

imaging reveals a synchronized correlation among neurotransmitter dynamics during propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia.

General anesthesia is widely applied in clinical practice. However, the precise mechanism of loss of consciousness induced by general anesthetics remains unknown. Here, we measured the dynamics of five neurotransmitters, including γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and dopamine, in the medial prefrontal cortex and primary visual cortex of C57BL/6 mice through fiber photometry and genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors under anesthesia to reveal the mechanism of general anesthesia from a neurotransmitter perspective.

Amygdala neuronal dyshomeostasis via 5-HT receptors mediates mood and cognitive defects in Alzheimer's disease.

Behavioral changes or neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common features in dementia and are associated with accelerated cognitive impairment and earlier deaths. However, how NPSs are intertwined with cognitive decline remains elusive. In this study, we identify that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key brain region that is associated with mood disorders and memory decline in the AD course.

Propofol Alleviates Anxiety-Like Behaviors Associated with Pain by Inhibiting the Hyperactivity of PVN Neurons via GABA Receptor β3 Subunits.

Pain, a comorbidity of anxiety disorders, causes substantial clinical, social, and economic burdens. Emerging evidence suggests that propofol, the most commonly used general anesthetic, may regulate psychological disorders; however, its role in pain-associated anxiety is not yet described. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of a single dose of propofol (100 mg kg) in alleviating pain-associated anxiety and examines the underlying neural mechanisms.

Conjunctive encoding of exploratory intentions and spatial information in the hippocampus.

The hippocampus creates a cognitive map of the external environment by encoding spatial and self-motion-related information. However, it is unclear whether hippocampal neurons could also incorporate internal cognitive states reflecting an animal's exploratory intention, which is not driven by rewards or unexpected sensory stimuli. In this study, a subgroup of CA1 neurons was found to encode both spatial information and animals' investigatory intentions in male mice.

Canakinumab in the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a retrospective single center study in China.

Objective: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is characterized by excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines. As an anti-IL-1 agent, canakinumab has been approved in the USA and Europe for the treatment of sJIA patients aged ≥2 years. However, the use of canakinumab has never been reported in China.

Compact Modeling of Advanced Gate-All-Around Nanosheet FETs Using Artificial Neural Network.

As the architecture of logic devices is evolving towards gate-all-around (GAA) structure, research efforts on advanced transistors are increasingly desired. In order to rapidly perform accurate compact modeling for these ultra-scaled transistors with the capability to cover dimensional variations, neural networks are considered. In this paper, a compact model generation methodology based on artificial neural network (ANN) is developed for GAA nanosheet FETs (NSFETs) at advanced technology nodes.

Role of inflammatory lipid and fatty acid metabolic abnormalities induced by plastic additives exposure in childhood asthma.

Lipid metabolism play an essential role in occurrence and development of asthma, and it can be disturbed by phthalate esters (PAEs) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). As a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease, the occurrence risk of childhood asthma is increased by PAEs and OPFRs exposure, but it remains not entirely clear how PAEs and OPFRs contribute the onset and progress of the disease. We have profiled the serum levels of PAEs and OPFRs congeners by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and its relationships with the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in asthmatic, bronchitic (acute inflammation) and healthy (non-inflammation) children.

Feasibility analysis of low-dose CT with asynchronous quantitative computed tomography to assess vBMD.

Background: To explore the feasibility of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) with asynchronous quantitative computed tomography (asynchronous QCT) for assessing the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD).

Methods: 416 women patients, categorized into 4 groups, were included and underwent chest CT examinations combined with asynchronous QCT, and CT scanning dose protocols (LDCT or CDCT) were self-determined by the participants. Radiation dose estimations were retrieved from patient protocols, including volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length-product (DLP), and then calculated effective dose (ED).

Costunolide attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and lung injury through inhibiting IKK/NF-κB signaling.

Inflammation is an important pathological process of many acute and chronic diseases, such as sepsis, arthritis, and cancer. Many factors can lead to an inflammatory state of the body, among which bacterial infection plays an important role. Bacterial infection often leads to sepsis, acute lung injury (ALI), or its more serious form of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which are the main fatal diseases in intensive care units.

Elevated serum IFN-γand IFN-γ/IL-6 ratio in Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease.

Background: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is typically a benign, self-limiting inflammatory disease. The diagnosis of KFD can be challenging for nonspecific symptoms, laboratory or imaging findings. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical manifestations of patients with KFD and to access the potential role of serum cytokines in the diagnosis of this disease.

Feasibility of diffusion kurtosis imaging in evaluating cervical spinal cord injury in multiple sclerosis.

This research aimed to assess gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the therapeutic effect using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). From January 2018 to October 2019, 78 subjects (48 of MS and 30 of health) perform routine MR scan and DKI of cervical spinal cord. The MS patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of T2 hyperintensity.