Cost Effectiveness of Tremelimumab Plus Durvalumab for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the USA.

Background: Treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) is challenging. Clinical trials have shown that Single Tremelimumab Regular Interval Durvalumab (STRIDE) offers clinical benefits as a first-line treatment for uHCC, but its cost effectiveness remains unknown in the USA.

Objective: We aimed to assess the cost effectiveness of STRIDE (tremelimumab plus durvalumab) versus sorafenib and durvalumab monotherapy as the first-line treatment for uHCC in the USA.

Age and geographic disparities in acute ischaemic stroke prehospital delays in China: a cross-sectional study using national stroke registry data.

Background: Stroke has been the leading cause of death in China for decades. The extremely low intravenous thrombolysis rate is largely due to the prehospital delays that make patients ineligible for the time-sensitive therapy. Limited studies evaluated prehospital delays across China.

Trends in prevalence, health disparities, and early detection of dementia: A 10-year nationally representative serial cross-sectional and cohort study.

Objective: To identify trends in the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, and to determine risk factors associated with the early detection of dementia among U.S. middle-aged and older adults.

Impact of National Volume-Based Procurement on the Procurement Volumes and Spending for Antiviral Medications of Hepatitis B Virus.

Although persistent inhibition of HBV replication by antiviral therapy has shown to slow disease progression, cost-related access barriers to these essential medicines are becoming salient. The national volume-based procurement (NVBP) was piloted in China and led to substantial reduction in the list price of prescription drugs. To examine the impact of NVBP on selected antiviral medication costs per defined daily dose (DDD), procurement volumes, and spending.

Evidence of Chinese Herbal Medicine Use From an Economic Perspective: A Systematic Review of Pharmacoeconomics Studies Over Two Decades.

Pharmacoeconomics evaluation (PE) is increasingly used in the healthcare decision-making process in China. Little is known about PE conducted in Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs). We aimed to systematically review trends, characteristics, and quality of PE of CHMS.

Analysis of Time to the Hospital and Ambulance Use Following a Stroke Community Education Intervention in China.

Importance: Prehospital delay (time from symptom onset of stroke to the door of a hospital) in patients with stroke is long in China. With the goal of improving public awareness and knowledge of stroke recognition, Stroke 1-2-0 was developed in China as an education program to prompt rapid response to the onset of stroke based on clinical practice in China, and examination of its outcomes is needed.

Objective: To investigate the association of the Stroke 1-2-0 educational campaign with prehospital delay for patients with ischemic stroke.

Impact of financial barriers on health status, healthcare utilisation and economic burden among individuals with cognitive impairment: a national cross-sectional survey.

Objective: To study the impact of financial barriers to healthcare on health status, healthcare utilisation and costs among patients with cognitive impairment.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 2011-2017.

Corrigendum: Big Data and Real-World Data Based Cost-Effectiveness Studies and Decision-Making Models: A Systematic Review and Analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.

Trend and effects of high-deductible health insurance plans in the health care system: financial access problems in management of cognitive impairment.

High-deductible health plans (HDHPs) are characterized by higher deductibles and lower monthly premiums compared with a typical health plan. HDHPs may reduce, or delay, needed care, which will ultimately lead to poorer access to care for chronically affected participants. To (1) investigate the HDHP enrollment trend and (2) determine the effects of HDHPs on financial access problems for individuals with self-reported cognitive impairment.

Big Data and Real-World Data based Cost-Effectiveness Studies and Decision-making Models: A Systematic Review and Analysis.

Big data and real-world data (RWD) have been increasingly used to measure the effectiveness and costs in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). However, the characteristics and methodologies of CEA based on big data and RWD remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to review the characteristics and methodologies of the CEA studies based on big data and RWD and to compare the characteristics and methodologies between the CEA studies with or without decision-analytic models.

Lowering drug prices and enhancing pharmaceutical affordability: an analysis of the national volume-based procurement (NVBP) effect in China.

To cope with the increasing healthcare costs brought about by the universal health insurance programme, national volume-based procurement (NVBP) was implemented in China to reduce drug prices. However, the impact of NVBP remains unknown. We reported the effects of the NVBP pilot programme on medication affordability and discussed the challenges and recommendations for further reforms.

Gender Disparities in Anti-dementia Medication Use among Older Adults: Health Equity Considerations and Management of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.

The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in women is higher than men. However, the knowledge of gender disparity in ADRD treatment is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the gender disparities in the receipt of anti-dementia medications among Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD in the U.

Age and Gender Disparities in Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Real-World Evidence Based on Big Data for Risk Management.

Two coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have received emergency use authorizations in the U.S. However, the safety of these vaccines in the real-world remains unknown.

Impact of Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence on Economic Burdens, Productivity Loss, and Functional Abilities: Management of Cancer Survivors in Medicare.

Cancer survivors are vulnerable to have medication nonadherence. We aimed to estimate the impact of cost-related medication nonadherence on economic burdens, productivity loss, and functional abilities among cancer survivors. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 2011-2018.

Effect of Cost-Related Medication Non-adherence Among Older Adults With Medication Therapy Management.

Medication therapy management (MTM) was established by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) with the aim to improve medication adherence. However, the national prevalence of cost-related medication non-adherence (CRN) is still unknown and there is a literature gap in the association between MTM services and CRN. A cross-sectional study was conducted.

Mortality Rate and Characteristics of Deaths Following COVID-19 Vaccination.

The emergency use authorization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines brought both hopes and concerns to the Americans and others. We aimed to estimate the mortality rate of COVID-19 vaccination and presented characteristics of deaths following COVID-19 vaccination. Data on deaths following COVID-19 vaccination were obtained from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from December 11, 2020 through January 8, 2021.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of fruquintinib versus regorafenib as the third-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer in China.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of fruquintinib compared to regorafenib as third-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in China.

Methods: A three-state Markov model with monthly cycle was constructed to estimate lifetime incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of fruquintinib versus regorafenib as third-line treatment for patients with mCRC from Chinese health care perspective. Survival analysis was applied to calculate transition probabilities using the data from the clinical trials FRESCO and CONCUR, which were also the data sources accessing probabilities of adverse events.

Effects and safety of herbal medicines among community-dwelling residents during COVID-19 pandemic: A large prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Background: Since the declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization, countries are struggling with a shortage of medical capacities. It would be essential if the risk for preventable comorbidities, such as the common cold, can be reduced or prevented, so that the scarce medical resources and facilities can be focused on COVID-19.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of two herbal medicines (Jinhaoartemisia antipyretic granules and Huoxiangzhengqi oral liquids) in reducing the risk of the common cold in community-dwelling residents in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Cost-Effectiveness of Tofacitinib for Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis in China.

Background: Patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis have a heavy financial burden. The cost-effectiveness of introducing tofacitinib to the current treatment sequence for patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis who have inadequate response or intolerance to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs-IR) in China remains unknown.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of introducing tofacitinib into the current treatment sequence in China for patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis who have csDMARDs-IR.

The quality of life in Chinese population with chronic non-communicable diseases according to EQ-5D-3L: a systematic review.

Purpose: Over the past decade, a changing spectrum of disease has turned chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) into the leading cause of death worldwide. During the 2015 in China, there were more than 6.6 million deaths from NCDs, which was the highest rate around the world.