An interpretable deep learning model for detecting pathogenic variants of breast cancer from hematoxylin and eosin-stained pathological images.

Background: Determining the status of breast cancer susceptibility genes () is crucial for guiding breast cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the need for genetic testing among breast cancer patients remains unmet due to high costs and limited resources. This study aimed to develop a Bi-directional Self-Attention Multiple Instance Learning (BiAMIL) algorithm to detect status from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) pathological images.

Attitudes and perceptions of Chinese oncologists towards artificial intelligence in healthcare: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, yet little is known about Chinese oncologists' attitudes towards AI. This study investigated oncologists' knowledge, perceptions, and acceptance of AI in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 228 oncologists across China.

Predicting mutation and stratifying targeted therapy response using multimodal learning: a multicenter study.

Background: The status of genes plays a crucial role in the treatment decision-making process for multiple cancer types. However, due to high costs and limited resources, a demand for genetic testing among patients is currently unmet. Notably, not all patients with mutations achieve favorable outcomes with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), indicating the necessity for risk stratification.

Integration of network pharmacology, UHPLC-Q exactive orbitrap HRMS technique and metabolomics to elucidate the active ingredients and mechanisms of compound danshen pills in treating hypercholesterolemic rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Hypercholesterolemia (HLC) was a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) characterized by elevated cholesterol levels, particularly LDL. While traditional Chinese medicine preparations Compound Danshen Pills(CDP) has been clinically used for hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease, its specific therapeutic effect on HLC remains understudied, necessitating further investigation into its mechanisms.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study was to explore the potential of CDP in treating HLC and elucidate its underlying mechanisms and active components.

Meta-analysis of the accuracy for RASSF1A methylation in bronchial aspirates for the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Objective: To establish the diagnostic accuracy of RASSF1A (Ras association domain family 1 isoform) methylation using bronchial aspirates as an auxiliary method for diagnosing lung cancer through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: Studies published prior to October 30, 2022, were retrieved from the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Wan Fang databases using the keywords "lung cancer", "RASSF1A", "methylation", and "bronchial aspirates". A fixed or random effect model was used to calculate the combined sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (LR), negative LR, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), along with the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the area under the curve (AUC) with Q index.

Chinese Oncologists' Perspectives on Integrating AI into Clinical Practice: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Background: The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought significant interest to its potential applications in oncology. Although AI-powered tools are already being implemented in some Chinese hospitals, their integration into clinical practice raises several concerns for Chinese oncologists.

Objective: This study aims to explore the concerns of Chinese oncologists regarding the integration of AI into clinical practice and to identify the factors influencing these concerns.

Recent advances of pathomics in colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, with the third highest incidence and the second highest mortality in the world. To improve the therapeutic outcome, the risk stratification and prognosis predictions would help guide clinical treatment decisions. Achieving these goals have been facilitated by the fast development of artificial intelligence (AI) -based algorithms using radiological and pathological data, in combination with genomic information.

A multi-class classification algorithm based on hematoxylin-eosin staining for neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: a retrospective study.

Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is a major treatment option for locally advanced rectal cancer. With recent advancement of machine/deep learning algorithms, predicting the treatment response of NAT has become possible using radiological and/or pathological images. However, programs reported thus far are limited to binary classifications, and they can only distinguish the pathological complete response (pCR).

Mitochondrial damage-induced abnormal glucose metabolism with ageing in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.

Introduction: Accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) inhibits the activity of key enzymes in mitochondrial metabolic pathways, triggering mitochondrial dysfunction, which plays an important role in the onset and development of AD. Mitophagy is a process whereby dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria are removed from the cell. Aberrant mitochondrial metabolism may hinder mitophagy, promote autophagosome accumulation, and lead to neuronal death.

Application of Adenosine Deaminase and γ-Interferon Release Assay in Pleural Fluid for the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion in Patients Over 40 Years Old.

Background: In patients with tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) of various ages, the diagnostic accuracy of pleural biomarkers varies, and there are insufficient studies specifically in different age groups. Therefore, we investigated the adenosine deaminase cut-off value and its combination with the gamma interferon release assay for the diagnosis of TPE among patients aged ≥40 years.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 198 patients who underwent medical thoracoscopy and were admitted to the hospital between 2015 and 2020 with exudative pleural effusion and either fever, night sweats, fatigue, cough, or other clinical manifestations was performed.

KRAS mutation predict response and outcome in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma without driver alterations receiving PD-1 blockade immunotherapy combined with platinum-based chemotherapy: a retrospective cohort study from China.

Background: The selection of patients for immunotherapy remains challenging given the lack of highly specific and highly sensitive biomarkers. Kirsten rat sarcoma () mutation is the most frequent molecular alteration found in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We explored whether mutation status predicted the effects of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment and platinum-based chemotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC.

Nonpharmacological interventions for cancer-related fatigue in lung cancer patients: A protocol for an evidence map of overview of a network meta-analysis of existing trials.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers, the symptoms and treatment of which can cause negative emotions like anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Nonpharmacological interventions, serving as alternative therapies, can greatly alleviate CRF in lung cancer patients. Previous meta-analyses have reported nonpharmacological interventions of CRF in lung cancer patients, but the results may be conflicting, and the reporting and methodological qualities remain unknown.

Study of mitophagy and ATP-related metabolomics based on β-amyloid levels in Alzheimer's disease.

The aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy impairment. Mitophagy is a homeostatic mechanism by which autophagy selectively eliminates damaged mitochondria. Valinomycin is a respiratory chain inhibitor that activates mitophagy via the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.

Enhanced autophagic retrograde axonal transport by dynein intermediate chain upregulation improves Aβ clearance and cognitive function in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice.

Autophagosome accumulation is observed in the distal axons of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and AD animal models, suggesting that deficient retrograde transport and impaired autophagic clearance of beta-amyloid (A β) contribute to AD pathogenesis. Expression of the retrograde axonal transport-related protein dynein intermediate chain (DIC) is also reduced in AD patients, but the contributions of DIC to AD pathology remain elusive. This study investigated the effects of DIC expression levels on cognitive function, autophagosome axonal transport, and A β clearance in the APP/PS1 double transgenic mouse model of AD.

Expression of CD4+CD25+CD127 regulatory T cells and cytokines in peripheral blood of patients with primary liver carcinoma.

To assess the clinical utility of the ratio of CD4+CD25+CD127 regulatory T cells (Tregs) in subjects at high risk of HCC, investigate the relationship between the percentage of Tregs and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interleukin (IL)-10 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma before and after treatment. Peripheral venous blood was collected from patients with liver cancer before and after treatment. The proportion of CD4+CD25+CD127 Tregs was detected by flow cytometry.

High-quality genome assembly and transcriptome of Ancherythroculter nigrocauda, an endemic Chinese cyprinid species.

Ancherythroculter nigrocauda is a cyprinid fish endemic of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China, where it is an important aquaculture and commercial species. It is also a threatened species as a result of overfishing, dam construction and water pollution. In this study, a chromosome-level genome assembly of A.

Enhancing the retrograde axonal transport by curcumin promotes autophagic flux in N2a/APP695swe cells.

The accumulation of autophagosomes and dysfunction at the axonal terminal of neurons play crucial roles in the genesis and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormalities in neuron axonal transport-related proteins prevent autophagosome maturation in AD. Curcumin, a polyphenol plant compound, has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects by increasing autophagy in AD, but the underlying mechanism of its effect on autophagy axon transport remains elusive.

Successful Invasions of Short Internally Deleted Elements (SIDEs) and Its Partner CR1 in Lepidoptera Insects.

Although DNA transposons often generated internal deleted derivatives such as miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements, short internally deleted elements (SIDEs) derived from nonlong terminal-repeat retrotransposons are rare. Here, we found a novel SIDE, named Persaeus, that originated from the chicken repeat 1 (CR1) retrotransposon Zenon and it has been found widespread in Lepidoptera insects. Our findings suggested that Persaeus and the partner Zenon have experienced a transposition burst in their host genomes and the copy number of Persaeus and Zenon in assayed genomes are significantly correlated.

Detection of coupled vibration modes of a guitar resonance box.

Guitar is a popular musical instrument, but the design mainly depends on experience because of its complex structure. Based on resonant absorption mechanical spectra, a device has been developed to detect the coupled vibration modes of a guitar resonance box. The resonant frequencies of the guitar string are measured, and its dispersion relations accord with theoretical calculation.

Anode modification by biogenic gold nanoparticles for the improved performance of microbial fuel cells and microbial community shift.

In this study, carbon cloth anodes were modified using biogenic gold nanoparticles (BioAu) and nanohybrids of multi-walled carbon nanotubes blended with BioAu (BioAu/MWCNT) to improve the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The results demonstrated that BioAu modification significantly enhanced the electricity generation of MFCs. In particular, BioAu/MWCNT nanohybrids as the modifier displayed a better performance.

CYP2C9 and OATP1B1 genetic polymorphisms affect the metabolism and transport of glimepiride and gliclazide.

The therapeutic use of glimepiride and gliclazide shows substantial inter-individual variation in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in human populations, which might be caused by genetic differences among individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of CYP2C9 and OATP1B1 genetic polymorphisms on the metabolism and transport of glimepiride and gliclazide. The uptake of glimepiride and gliclazide was measured in OATP1B1*1a, *5 and *15-HEK293T cells, and their metabolism was measured using CYP2C9*1, *2 and *3 recombinase by LC-MS.

[Utilization of Copper (Ⅱ) Wastewater for Enhancing the Treatment of Chromium (Ⅵ) Wastewater in Microbial Fuel Cells].

The effect of copper (Ⅱ) wastewater addition on the treatment of chromium (Ⅵ) wastewater in dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was investigated for different Cr(Ⅵ)/Cu(Ⅱ) concentration ratios (2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4) and external resistances (10, 500, 1000, 2000 Ω). The results demonstrated that the addition of Cu(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) into the cathode chamber of MFCs could enhance the Cr(Ⅵ) removal efficiency. The Cr(Ⅵ) removal efficiency increased with the increase in the Cr(Ⅵ)/Cu(Ⅱ) concentration ratio.

Evolutionary dynamics of transposable elements during silkworm domestication.

Although there are some documented examples on population dynamics of transposable elements (TEs) in model organisms, the evolutionary dynamics of TEs in domesticated species has not been systematically investigated. The objective of this study is to understand population dynamics of TEs during silkworm domestication. In this work, using transposon-display we examined the polymorphism of seven TE families [they represent about 59% of silkworm (Bombyx mori) total TE content] in four domesticated silkworm populations and one wild silkworm population.

Unexpected invasion of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements in viral genomes.

Background: Transposable elements (TEs) are common and often present with high copy numbers in cellular genomes. Unlike in cellular organisms, TEs were previously thought to be either rare or absent in viruses. Almost all reported TEs display only one or two copies per viral genome.