Comparison of gestational weight gain-related pregnancy outcomes in American primiparous and multiparous women.

Background: In Danish data, the tradeoffs between mother and infant in the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes were reached at lower gestational weight gain (GWG) among multiparous than among primiparous women. It is unknown whether the same difference exists among American women.

Objective: The objective was to determine whether these tradeoffs also differ by parity among women in a contemporary American birth cohort.

The hypoglycemic effect of fat and protein is not attenuated by insulin resistance.

Background: The glucose-lowering effect of fat and protein is attenuated or absent in diabetic patients, which suggests that the same may occur in insulin-resistant subjects without diabetes.

Objective: The objective was to determine whether the postprandial metabolic responses elicited by fat and protein were influenced by the insulin sensitivity of the subjects and whether fat and protein modulate glucose responses through different mechanisms.

Design: Healthy nondiabetic subjects aged 18-45 y took 50 g oral glucose with 0-30-g doses of canola oil and whey protein on 11 separate mornings after fasting overnight.

Effect of blood sampling schedule on the ability to discriminate between postprandial glycemic responses.

Objective: The blood glucose responses elicited by foods are often determined using blood samples taken at 15-min intervals. Our objective was to see whether taking blood samples at 10-min intervals affected the results.

Methods: Overnight-fasted healthy subjects (n=11) were studied on nine different occasions with seven different test meals.