Actively extracting kidney stones combined dusting technique can improve SFR of moderate-complexity kidney stones in fURL.

Purpose: To evaluate the necessity and effectiveness of actively extracting kidney stones with different complexity that have been visually dusted in flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (fURL).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent fURL with dusting technique in established hospitals. A total of 535 cases were divided into the dusting group or the dusting plus basketing group according to the use of stone basket.

[Expression of TGF-β in bladder neck contracture after transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate].

Objective: To explore the role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in bladder neck contracture (BNC) after transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate (TUERP).

Methods: This study included 300 BPH patients undergoing TUERP, aged 51－89 (69.19 ± 8.