The efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus PD-1 inhibitor in locally advanced/metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who progressed on prior immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): a retrospective real-world study (NCT 04984096).

Background: Several studies have shown that combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors is effective for solid tumors, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, most of these studies were focused on immunotherapy-naive patients. This retrospective real-world study offers insights into the efficacy and safety of combining anlotinib with ICIs in locally advanced/metastatic ESCC patients who progressed on prior ICI.

Is postoperative radiotherapy effective in patients with completely resected pathologic stage IIIA(N2) non-small cell lung cancer? High-risk populations should consider it.

Background And Purpose: We aimed to assess the benefits of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in completely resected patients with pathologic stage IIIA(N2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a high risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR).

Materials And Methods: A prospective, randomized trial was conducted starting in July 2016 to explore the optimal timing of PORT in high-LRR-risk patients with completely resected IIIA(N2) NSCLC (NCT02974426). Patients were identified as high-LRR-risk patients via the prognostic index (PI) model and were randomly assigned to PORT-first or PORT-last treatment.

Study on rheological properties of composite propellant slurry in the mixing process by using experimental and numerical simulation.

Researchers have extensively focused on the safety of the solid propellant preparation process, particularly the mixing process that was deemed critical for the safety of the entire procedure. Herein, the rheological curves of propellants at different stages of mixing are obtained experimentally. The obtained curves are fitted using the Herschel-Bulkley non-Newtonian model.

Clinical efficacies of different neoadjuvant therapies for non-small cell lung cancer.

Neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery is a common clinical strategy for operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the mainstream neoadjuvant therapies include chemoimmunotherapy, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy. However, there is a lack of studies to report the difference in benefits between these treatment modalities in the same institution. Therefore, this study aimed to depict the short-term efficacy of radiology and pathology achieved by different therapies and their impact on long-term survival as well as the underlying clinical significance.

Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids protect CCl-induced acute liver injury via upregulating LAMP1 expression and activating autophagy flux.

Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) are considered important active ingredients of Dendrobium, which have a variety of pharmacological functions. Recent studies indicate that DNLA has beneficial activity in acute liver injury.

Pathogen Composition and Fungicide Sensitivity in Rice Spikelet Rot Disease.

Rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD) is an emerging threat to rice crops, with sporadic but severe outbreaks in China in recent years. The composition of its pathogenic fungi has not been consistently identified, and chemical control methods remain unclear. This study aims to characterize the pathogen species responsible for RSRD and develop effective control strategies.

Postoperative tumor bed radiation versus T-shaped field radiation in the treatment of locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase IIb multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is crucial for patients with thoracic locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC, pT3-4aN0-3M0) following esophagectomy. However, the appropriate radiation volume has not been well established. This study aimed to determine the optimal PORT volume for LA-ESCC patients.

Propensity-matched study on locally advanced esophageal cancer: surgery versus post-operative radiotherapy.

Background: This study aims to delineate the long-term outcomes and recurrence patterns of locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) patients managed with or without postoperative radiotherapy (PORT).

Methods: A retrospective cohort from two academic centers, encompassing patients who initially underwent esophagectomy and were pathologically staged T3-4, was analyzed. Survival outcomes were constructed using Kaplan-Meier method, with survival significance was evaluated using the log-rank test.

Rapid detection of maleic hydrazide based on the hydrogel SERS platform.

Maleic hydrazide (MH) is a commonly used plant growth regulator and herbicide. However, due to its potential mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity, sensitive and rapid detection of MH residues in foods is crucial. Herein, a sensitive and reliable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for MH based on a self-constructed hydrogel SERS platform is proposed for the first time.

Upregulation of the Ca1.3 channel in inner hair cells by interleukin 6-dependent inflammaging contributes to age-related hearing loss.

Age-related hearing loss (AHL) is the most common sensory disorder amongst the older population. Inflammaging is a ≈chronic low-grade inflammation that worsens with age and is an early sign of AHL; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We used electrophysiological and genetic approaches to establish the importance of interleukin 6 (IL-6)-dependent inflammation in AHL.

Combination of radiotherapy and PD-L1 blockade induces abscopal responses in EGFR-mutated lung cancer through activating CD8 T cells.

Patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) respond poorly to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). It has been reported that the number of CD8T cells is reduced in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, the extent of heterogeneity and effector function of distinct populations of CD8T cells has not been investigated intensively.

Construction of Fe Nanoparticles Interfacial Layer on Micron Al Surface: Boosting the Efficient Energy Release of High-Energy DAP-4 as a Gradient Catalyst.

The high-energy (Hdabco)[NH(ClO)] (DAP-4) with excellent energetic performance attracts wide attention from researchers. The investigation of its interaction with the Aluminum (Al) is of great importance. However, the higher ignition threshold of DAP-4 and the dense oxide layer (AlO) of Al severely limit the energy release efficiency of Al/DAP-4.

Research on Crack Propagation of Nitrate Ester Plasticized Polyether Propellant: Experiments and Simulation.

To understand the fracture properties of the nitrate ester plasticized polyether (NEPE) propellant, single-edge notched tension (SENT) tests were carried out at room temperature (20 °C) under different tensile rates (10-500 mm/min). The mechanical response, crack morphology, evolution path, and crack propagation velocity during the fracture process were studied using a combination of a drawing machine and a high-speed camera. The mode I critical stress intensity factor was calculated to analyze the tensile fracture toughness of the NEPE propellant, and a criterion related to was proposed as a means of determining whether the solid rocket motors can normally work.

Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway exacerbates cholestatic liver injury.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) antioxidant signaling is involved in liver protection, but this generalization overlooks conflicting studies indicating that Nrf2 effects are not necessarily hepatoprotective. The role of Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in cholestatic liver injury (CLI) remains poorly defined. Here, we report that Nrf2/HO-1 activation exacerbates liver injury rather than exerting a protective effect in CLI.

A real-world analysis of stereotactic body radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy in advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A single-center experience.

Background: We aimed to assess the value of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) delivered under the situation of controlled or progressed disease during ICI therapy in advanced or recurrent NSCLC.

Methods: We retrospectively collected patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC who received SBRT concurrently with ICI in our institution between January 2017 and December 2021. Patients were divided into two groups, including those for whom SBRT was delivered initially or to the residual tumors during the first- or later-line ICI treatment (Group 1), and those for whom SBRT was given to the progressed tumors irrespective of first- or later-line ICI treatment (Group 2).

Combustion Characteristics of Vat-Photopolymerized Fuels with a Spiral Star Port for Hybrid Propulsion.

Despite hybrid rocket motors offering distinct advantages over solid or liquid rocket motors, their low regression rate and insufficient combustion efficiency remain significantly unimproved. This study focuses on the effects of the helix lead on the regression rate distribution and combustion efficiency of vat-polymerized fuel grains with a spiral star port for a hybrid rocket. Both experimental and numerical investigations were conducted to study the combustion characteristics and regression rate distribution of three-dimensional (3D) print grains.

Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS-mediated necroptosis by Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids in carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver injury.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (DNL) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that has been recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). The previous data showed that Dendrobium nobile Lindl.

FDA-Approved Tedizolid Phosphate Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss Without Decreasing Its Anti-tumor Effect.

Purpose: Cisplatin is a low-cost clinical anti-tumor drug widely used to treat solid tumors. However, its use could damage cochlear hair cells, leading to irreversible hearing loss. Currently, there appears one drug approved in clinic only used for reducing ototoxicity associated with cisplatin in pediatric patients, which needs to further explore other candidate drugs.

Probing the Chemistry of Sulfurous Pollutants: Accurate Thermochemistry Determination of Extensive Sulfur-Containing Species.

Sulfur-containing fuels, such as petroleum fuels, natural gas, and biofuels, produce SO, SO and other highly toxic gases upon combustion, which are harmful to human health and the environment, making it essential to understand their thermochemical properties. This study used high-level quantum chemistry calculations to determine thermodynamic parameters, including entropy, enthalpy, and specific heat capacity for an extensive set of sulfur-containing species. The B3LYP/cc-pVTZ level of theory was used for geometry optimization, vibration frequency, and dihedral scan calculations.

Inhibition of Gpx4-mediated ferroptosis alleviates cisplatin-induced hearing loss in C57BL/6 mice.

Cisplatin-induced hearing loss is a common side effect of cancer chemotherapy in clinics; however, the mechanism of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is still not completely clarified. Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is mainly associated with the production of reactive oxygen species, activation of apoptosis, and accumulation of intracellular lipid peroxidation, which also is involved in ferroptosis induction. In this study, the expression of TfR1, a ferroptosis biomarker, was upregulated in the outer hair cells of cisplatin-treated mice.

Who benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in stage I lung adenocarcinoma? A multi-dimensional model for candidate selection.

Background: Despite promising overall survival of stage I lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, 10-25 % of them still went through recurrence after surgery. [1] While it is still disputable whether adjuvant chemotherapy is necessary for stage I patients. [2] IASLC grading system for non-mucinous LUAD shows that minor high-grade patterns are significant indicator of poor prognosis.