CBS/CSE mediated HS production induced AMPs expression through Toll pathway in crabs with black gill syndrome.

The occurrence of black gill syndrome (BGS) is a serious threat to the healthy culture of Eriocheir sinensis. Studying the innate immune ability of E. sinensis with BGS can help develop new strategies for disease prevention and treatment.

Differential expression of sNPF in male and female eyestalk leading to sex dimorphism of AMP expression in Procambarus clarkii intestine.

Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is an important component of crustaceans' innate immune system. In this study, a short neuropeptide F (sNPF) gene (Pc-sNPF) and a Forkhead box O (FOXO) gene (PcFOXO) from Procambarus clarkii were identified. Analysis findings showed that the expression level of AMP genes differed between male and female P.

Comparative evaluation of soundscapes in human activities spatial contexts of pedestrian spaces adjacent to arterial roads.

Pedestrian spaces adjacent to arterial roads are characterized by the dominance of traffic noise alongside various human activities. Research on the impact of traffic noise on the soundscape evaluation of pedestrian spaces has not considered human activities spatial contexts. To address this research gap, the present study constructed auditory environments for pedestrian spaces in the contexts of commuting, residential, and commercial activities.

25-hydroxyvitamin D and Endometriosis: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Numerous studies have demonstrated a correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and endometriosis. However, the precise nature of this association remains elusive. The causal connection between 25OHD and endometriosis remains uncertain, as it is yet to be determined whether one directly influences the other.

Qingchang suppositry induced remission in patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative proctitis: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, parallel-controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingchang suppository (, QCS), a preparation of Chinese herbal medicine, in the induction of remission in patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative proctitis (UP).

Methods: We performed a multicenter, prospective, randomized, parallel-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of QCS induction therapy in 140 adult patients with mild-to-moderate UP and TCM syndrome of dampness-heat in large intestine. The patients were randomized to receive QCS (study group) or Salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP) suppository (control group) one piece each time, twice a day, per anum for 12 weeks.

Lectin diversity and their positive roles in WSSV replication through regulation of calreticulin expression and inhibiting ALFs expression.

In biological evolution, gene duplication (GD) generates new genes to facilitate new functions. C-type lectins (CTLs) in crayfish have been extended by GD to expand their family members. In this study, four CTL genes generated by GD were identified from Procambarus clarkii (PcLec1-4).

FOXO is involved in antimicrobial peptides expression during WSSV infection in Exopalaemon carinicauda.

The forkhead box transcription factor O family protein (FOXO) acts as a transcription factor that regulates biological processes regarding DNA repair, immunity, cell cycle regulation, and other biological processes. In this study, EcFOXO was identified from the ridgetail white prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda. EcFOXO protein contains multiple low-complexity regions and a forkhead (FH) domain.

Diversity of MrTolls and their regulation of antimicrobial peptides expression during Enterobacter cloacae infection in Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Toll/Toll-like receptor (TLR) is an important pattern recognition receptor that plays an important role in the immunity of animals. Six Toll genes were identified in Macrobrachium rosenbergii, namely, MrToll, MrToll1, MrToll2, MrToll3, MrToll4, and MrToll5. SMART analysis showed that all six Tolls have a transmembrane domain, a TIR domain, and different number of LRR domains.

Comparative analysis of whole-transcriptome RNA expression of lung tissue of Chinese soft-shell turtle infected by Trionyx sinensis Hemorrhagic Syndrome Virus.

Trionyx sinensis Hemorrhagic Syndrome Virus (TSHSV), the first aquatic arterivirus identified in China, causes severe mortality to T. sinensis. In this study, we sought to determine the functions of T.

Three STAT isoforms formed by selective splicing are involved in the regulation of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor expression in Macrobrachium nipponense during WSSV infection.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), a double-stranded DNA virus, is harmful in aquaculture. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) has been shown to play a role during host infection with the virus, but the exact mechanism by which it acts is unclear. In this study, three STAT isoforms (MnSTAT1, MnSTAT2, and MnSTAT3) were identified in Macrobrachium nipponense.

Duox mediated ROS production inhibited WSSV replication in Eriocheir sinensis under short-term nitrite stress.

Nitrite stress and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection are major problems threatening the sustainable and healthy development of Eriocheir sinensis. Some studies have found that nitrite stress can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas synthetic ROS plays a vital role in the signaling pathway. However, whether nitrite stress influences the infection of crabs by WSSV remains unclear.

A positive feedback loop between two C-type lectins originated from gene duplication and relish promotes the expression of antimicrobial peptides in .

Gene duplication (GD) leads to the expansion of gene families that contributes organisms adapting to stress or environment and dealing with the infection of various pathogens. C-type lectins (CTLs) in crustaceans undergo gene expansion and participate in various immune responses. However, the functions of different CTL produced by GD are not fully characterized.

Identification of three novel Spätzle genes in Eriocheir sinensis and their roles during white spot syndrome virus infection.

Proteins of Spätzle family play an essential role in innate immunity in invertebrates by activating the Toll pathway to induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides. However, little is known about the function of Spätzle in in the immune response of the Chinese mitten crab. In the present study, three novel Spätzle genes (named as EsSpz1, EsSpz2, and EsSpz3) were identified from Eriocheir sinensis.

Characterization of four spliced isoforms of a transmembrane C-type lectin from Procambarus clarkii and their function in facilitating WSSV infection.

C-type lectin (CTL) is an important pattern recognition receptor that play vital functions in the innate immunity. Many soluble CTLs in crustacean participate in the inhibition or promotion of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. However, whether transmembrane CTLs participate in WSSV infection in crustacean remains unknown.

Characterization and functional analysis of a clip domain serine protease (MncSP) and its alternative transcript (MncSP-isoform) from Macrobrachium nipponense.

Clip domain serine protease (cSPs) play an important role in the innate immune defense of crustaceans. In this study, a clip domain serine protease (MncSP) and its alternative transcript (MncSP-isoform) were identified from Macrobrachium nipponense. The full-length cDNA sequences of MncSP and MncSP-isoform were 2447 and 2351 bp with open reading frames comprising 1497 and 1401 bp nucleotides and encoding 498 and 466 amino acids, respectively.

Effect of comprehensive nursing on the pain, anxiety and malnutrition of hepatitis B patients.

Objective: To explore the effect of comprehensive nursing on pain, anxiety and malnutrition of hepatitis B patients.

Methods: Totally 100 cases of hepatitis B patients received treatment in our hospital from July 2017 to July 2018 were divided into a study group (64 cases) and a control group (36 cases) for comprehensive nursing and routine nursing. The liver function, nutritional indexes, cognition of relevant nursing knowledge, VAS score, HAMD and HAMA scores, QOL score, total effective rate and incidence of adverse reactions were detected.

The prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms in frontline nurses under COVID-19 pandemic based on a large cross-sectional study using the propensity score-matched method.

Introduction: To explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the associated risk factors in frontline nurses under COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 20, 2020 to March 20, 2020 and involved 562 frontline nurses. The effective response rate was 87.

A Convalescent of COVID-19 with RT-PCR Test Continues Positive in Stool.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected more than 100 countries worldwide and the discharge criteria of patients with COVID-19 vary across different countries. In China, patients with two negative respiratory viral RNA tests taken at least one day apart can be discharged with no further quarantine required. Currently, PCR testing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in fecal sample is not routinely performed.

Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) negatively regulates the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes through tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in Macrobrachium nipponense.

Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), a member of the bZIP transcription factor family, is involved in multiple physiological and developmental processes, yet its role in the innate immunity remains unclear. In this study, two isoforms (named as MnATF2a and MnATF2b) of ATF2 gene were identified in Macrobrachium nipponense and were produced by exon skipping. The full length of MnATF2a is 2328 bp with an open reading frame of 2079 bp that encode 692 amino acids.

Immune activation by a multigene family of lectins with variable tandem repeats in oriental river prawn ().

Genomic regions with repeated sequences are unstable and prone to rapid DNA diversification. However, the role of tandem repeats within the coding region is not fully characterized. Here, we have identified a new hypervariable C-type lectin gene family with different numbers of tandem repeats (Rlecs; R means repeat) in oriental river prawn () Two types of repeat units (33 or 30 bp) are identified in the second exon, and the number of repeat units vary from 1 to 9.

Identification of two carcinin isoforms (MnCarc1 and MnCarc2) and their function in the antimicrobial immunity of Macrobrachium nipponense.

Carcinin, a member of the crustin family, plays important roles in crustacean innate immunity. In this study, we identified two carcinin isoforms (MnCarc1 and MnCarc2) produced by alternative splicing from Macrobrachium nipponense. The full length of MnCarc1 and MnCarc2 cDNA are 1554 and 1495 bp with 687 and 609 bp open reading frame-encoding proteins that contain 228 and 202 amino acids, respectively.

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 2 (LGR2) can regulate PO activity and AMP genes expression in Macrobrachium nipponense.

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors (LGRs) form a subfamily of the large superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. LGRs can be divided into three groups. LGR2 from Drosophila melanogaster is involved in cuticle tanning (melanization and sclerotization).