The roles of cancer stem cells and therapeutic implications in melanoma.

Melanoma is a highly malignant skin tumor characterized by high metastasis and poor prognosis. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of melanoma stem cells (MSCs)-a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs)-in driving tumor growth, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence. Similar to CSCs in other cancers, MSCs possess unique characteristics, including specific surface markers, dysregulated signaling pathways, and the ability to thrive within complex tumor microenvironment (TME).

Impact of thoracic radiotherapy on first-line treatment outcomes in ES-SCLC patients.

Background: The therapeutic advantage of thoracic radiotherapy (tRT) as an adjunct to first-line immunotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) remains unclear. We sought to elucidate this in a retrospective cohort study comparing the effectiveness and safety of tRT in combination with first-line immunotherapy and chemotherapy.

Methods: Our retrospective study included patients with ES-SCLC, treated at the West China Hospital between January 2019 and December 2022.

Development of dynamic nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in hepatoid adenocarcinoma: A comprehensive SEER-based population analysis.

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a poorly differentiated extrahepatic tumor that can produce alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The literature does not provide a comprehensive understanding of the prognostic factors for HAC. Therefore, we present a novel nomogram to predict the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with HAC.

Personalised neoantigen-based therapy in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become one of the most common tumours with high morbidity, mortality and distinctive evolution mechanism. The neoantigens arising from the somatic mutations have become considerable treatment targets in the management of CRC. As cancer-specific aberrant peptides, neoantigens can trigger the robust host immune response and exert anti-tumour effects while minimising the emergence of adverse events commonly associated with alternative therapeutic regimens.

Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.

Backgrounds: Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rarely high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung with features of both small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. In this study, we aim to construct a prognostic nomogram that integrates the clinical features and treatment options to predict disease-specific survival (DSS).

Methods: A total of 713 patients diagnosed with LCNEC were from the US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry between 2010-2016.

Induction versus adjuvant chemotherapy combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Currently available evidence favors the combination of chemotherapy with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC). However, the optimal timing for additional chemotherapy is unclear. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and toxicity of induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (IC+CCRT) versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy (CCRT+AC).

Super-Resolution Quantification of T2DM-Induced Mitochondrial Morphology Changes and Their Implications in Pharmacodynamics of Metformin and Sorafenib.

Mitochondria, as the powerhouse of cells, are involved in various processes of cellular homeostasis, especially energy metabolism. The morphology of mitochondria is a critical indicator for their functions, referring to mitochondrial fusion and fission. Here, we performed structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to measure the mitochondrial morphology in living cells.

Association between fish oil supplementation and cancer risk according to fatty fish consumption: A large prospective population-based cohort study using UK Biobank.

Whether regular fish oil supplementation is associated with cancer risk is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the association of fish oil supplementation on cancer risk according to fatty fish consumption patterns. From the UK Biobank cohort, 470 804 participants with fish oil supplementation data were included.

Development and validation of nomograms for predicting survival and recurrence in patients with parotid gland cancer.

Background: To develop nomograms for predicting recurrence risk and long-term survival in patients with parotid gland cancer (PGC).

Methods: A total of 301 consecutive patients with PGC who underwent surgery were enrolled and randomly divided into a training cohort (n=210) and a validation cohort (n=91). Predictive nomograms were constructed based on the independent indicators of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) as determined by multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Influence of target dose heterogeneity on dose sparing of normal tissue in peripheral lung tumor stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of target dose heterogeneity on normal tissue dose sparing for peripheral lung tumor stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Methods: Based on the volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique, three SBRT plans with homogeneous, moderate heterogeneous, and heterogeneous (HO, MHE, and HE) target doses were compared in 30 peripheral lung tumor patients. The prescription dose was 48 Gy in 4 fractions.

The prognostic role of radiotherapy and radiotherapy target in cervical lymph node metastatic squamous cell carcinoma with unknown primary: a retrospective study.

Objectives: Aim to analyze the effect of radiotherapy for cervical lymph node metastatic carcinoma with unknown primary (CCUP) and compare the survival benefits between Comprehensive radiotherapy and Involved Field radiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: The patients diagnosed with CCUP between 2009 and 2019 in our institution were analyzed retrospectively. The categorical variables were tested by χ test.

Survival outcomes in patients with parotid gland carcinoma treated with postoperative therapies using risk stratification.

Background: To evaluate the role of postoperative treatment in parotid gland carcinoma (PGC) based on risk stratification.

Material And Methods: A total of 301 PGC patients were retrospectively analyzed using risk stratification. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox analysis were performed to conduct survival analysis.

Induction chemotherapy followed by intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective analysis.

Objectives: The optimal treatment strategy of combining systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is controversial. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and toxicities of induction chemotherapy followed by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IC-RT) versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in NPC.

Methods: Of 448 stage II-IVb NPC patients treated with IC-RT or CCRT were retrospectively analysed.

Assessment of different induction chemotherapy regimens in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Meta-analysis.

Background: A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy and toxicities among different induction chemotherapy regimens in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC).

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for literature up to September 16, 2019. Two researchers independently selected the articles, evaluated the quality of the literature, and extracted and analyzed the data.

Comparative efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in the first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: With the advances in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, several novel treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients have recently emerged. The present study explored the optimal first-line immunotherapy for mRCC through a Bayesian network meta-analysis of the latest research data.

Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting abstracts, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to July 2020 to identify any randomized controlled trials related to immunotherapy in the first-line treatment of mRCC.

Clinical and survival analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with consistently negative Epstein-Barr virus DNA.

Background: To assess the clinical and survival features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with consistently negative Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA level.

Methods: Propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to create well-balanced cohorts. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were performed to conduct survival analysis.

Prognostic nomogram for adenoid cystic carcinoma in different anatomic sites.

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively uncommon tumor. The existing prediction model is limited to the head and neck. We aim to construct a prognostic nomogram combined with the clinical features and treatment options of ACC to predict the disease-specific survival (DSS) of patients diagnosed with ACC in different anatomic sites.

Toxicity and dosimetric analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients undergoing radiotherapy with IMRT or VMAT: A regional center's experience.

Objectives: To observe the differences of dosimetric parameters and late toxicities in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), which may provide the selective basis about radiation technology in clinical practices.

Methods And Materials: Dosimetric parameters and late toxicities were collected and retrospectively analyzed from 627 NPC patients (stage as I-IVA/IVB) between January 2010 and December 2015.

Results: The median D of all targets and D of PGTVnd (regional lymph nodes) were lower in VAMT than those in IMRT, while the median D and D of PGTVnx (primary lesions) were higher in VMAT than those in IMRT (p < 0.

Effects of lifestyle interventions on rural patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising rapidly in rural areas, and lifestyle interventions can effectively reduce the blood glucose levels of patients with T2DM. However, current dietary and exercise guidelines are still at experimental stages and are difficult for subjects to understand and implement. The Human Metabolism Analyzer provides real life interventions for the prevention and treatment of T2DM, and our pilot research has demonstrated its effectiveness and good compliance.

Observation versus radiotherapy with or without temozolomide in postoperative WHO grade II high-risk low-grade glioma: a retrospective cohort study.

The optimal adjuvant treatment of high-risk low-grade glioma (LGG) is controversial. We performed this retrospective cohort study to compare three treatments including observation, radiotherapy (RT) alone, and radiotherapy combined with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy (STUPP regimen) in patients with high-risk LGG. Patients with high-risk (age > 40 or undergoing subtotal resection or biopsy) LGG treated with observation or radiotherapy alone or STUPP regimen after operation were retrospectively analyzed.

Optimizing number of cycles of induction chemotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Retrospective survival analysis.

Background: Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy is one of the standards of care for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but the optimal number of induction cycles is unclear. Here we compared survival data from patients treated with 2 to 4 cycles.

Methods: Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2009 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.