Inhibition of miR-30d-5p promotes mitochondrial autophagy and alleviates high glucose-induced injury in podocytes.

Objectives: To study the role of microRNA (miR)-30d-5p in high glucose-induced podocyte injury.

Methods: Podocyte cells were hyperglycated with 30 mmol/L glucose, miR-30d-5p inhibitor and mimic were transfected into podocyte cells, and then podocyte cells were treated with 1 mg/mL 3-methyladenine (3-MA). The transfection efficiency of miR-30d-5p was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 induces apoptosis and autophagy in melanoma cells via suppressing Src/STAT3 signaling.

Background: 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) has been extensively studied for multifaceted health benefits. However, the anti-melanoma effect of GRh2 remains poorly understood. Herein, the anti-melanoma effects and underlying mechanisms of GRh2 were investigated.

Enhancing the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Through Cascade Structure Tuning for Highly Stable Biomass Upgrading.

Electrocatalytic 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) provides a promising strategy to convert biomass derivative to high-value-added chemicals. Herein, a cascade strategy is proposed to construct Pd-NiCoO electrocatalyst by Pd loading on Ni-doped CoO and for highly active and stable synergistic HMF oxidation. An elevated current density of 800 mA cm can be achieved at 1.

Polydimethylsiloxane enabled triple-action water-resistant coating with desirable relaxation rate in clear aligner.

Clear aligners undergo rapid stress relaxation in warm, moist oral environments, compromising therapeutic effectiveness and longevity of treatment. To develop an innovative multilayer composite material with improved stability and reduced stress release, we have engineered an innovative coating characterized by the surface aggregation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which imparts a pronounced hydrophobic effect. In addition, the chemically and physically cross-linked structure of the coating reduces the free volume created by molecular chain rearrangement owing to the presence of water molecules, thereby minimizing water penetration into the coating.

Caffeic acid mitigates myocardial fibrosis and improves heart function in post-myocardial infarction by inhibiting transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 signaling pathways.

Myocardial fibrosis is a pathological, physiological change that results from alterations, such as inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, after myocardial infarction (MI). Excessive fibrosis can cause cardiac dysfunction, ventricular remodeling, and heart failure. Caffeic acid (CA), a natural polyphenolic acid in various foods, has cardioprotective effects.

Plasma leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: vertical variation, correlation with T helper 17/regulatory T ratio, and predictive value on major adverse cardiovascular events.

Objective: Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) promotes inflammation and myocardial injury, but its clinical role in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is rarely disclosed. Herein, this prospective study aimed to explore the value of plasma LRG1 at different time points to predict major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risk in patients with STEMI.

Methods: In total, 209 patients with STEMI were enrolled for determining plasma LRG1 at admission and on day (D)1/D7/D30 after admission via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as well as for determination of peripheral blood T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells by flow cytometry.

Evaluation of pretreatment methods for filamentous fungal detection.

In order to obtain the best mass spectrometry identification results for using the most appropriate methods in clinical practice, we explore the optimal pretreatment methods for different species and morphologies of filamentous fungi. 98 fungal strains were treated with formic acid sandwich method, dispersion method, extraction method, and other methods using a medium element mass spectrometer (EXS3000) as a platform. Each strain had three targets, and the identification rates and confidence differences under different pre-treatment methods were compared to evaluate the identification effects of these methods.

Long non-coding RNA NORAD regulates megakaryocyte differentiation and proplatelet formation via the DUSP6/ERK signaling pathway.

Megakaryopoiesis and platelet production is a complex process that is underpotential regulation at multiple stages. Many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are distributed in hematopoietic stem cells and platelets. lncRNAs may play important roles as key epigenetic regulators in megakaryocyte differentiation and proplatelet formation.

Role of Type VI secretion system in pathogenic remodeling of host gut microbiota during Aeromonas veronii infection.

Intestinal microbial disturbance is a direct cause of host disease. The bacterial Type VI secretion system (T6SS) often plays a crucial role in the fitness of pathogenic bacteria by delivering toxic effectors into target cells. However, its impact on the gut microbiota and host pathogenesis is poorly understood.

Isoalantolactone exerts anti-melanoma effects via inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 signaling in cell and mouse models.

Although the anti-cancer activity of isoalantolactone (IATL) has been extensively studied, the anti-melanoma effects of IATL are still unknown. Here, we have investigated the anti-melanoma effects and mechanism of action of IATL. MTT and crystal violet staining assays were performed to detect the inhibitory effect of IATL on melanoma cell viability.

CSAP-UNet: Convolution and self-attention paralleling network for medical image segmentation with edge enhancement.

Convolution operation is performed within a local window of the input image. Therefore, convolutional neural network (CNN) is skilled in obtaining local information. Meanwhile, the self-attention (SA) mechanism extracts features by calculating the correlation between tokens from all positions in the image, which has advantage in obtaining global information.

WSB1/2 target chromatin-bound lysine-methylated RelA for proteasomal degradation and NF-κB termination.

Proteasome-mediated degradation of chromatin-bound NF-κB is critical in terminating the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes and can be triggered by Set9-mediated lysine methylation of the RelA subunit. However, the E3 ligase targeting methylated RelA remains unknown. Here, we find that two structurally similar substrate-recognizing components of Cullin-RING E3 ligases, WSB1 and WSB2, can recognize chromatin-bound methylated RelA for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.

Enhanced Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia Using Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Supported Cobalt Catalyst.

Ammonia (NH) is vital in modern agriculture and industry as a potential energy carrier. The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO) to ammonia under ambient conditions offers a sustainable alternative to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. However, achieving high selectivity in this conversion poses significant challenges due to the multi-step electron and proton transfer processes and the low proton adsorption capacity of transition metal electrocatalysts.

Constructing Interfacial Oxygen Vacancy and Ruthenium Lewis Acid-Base Pairs to Boost the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Kinetics.

Simultaneous optimization of the energy level of water dissociation, hydrogen and hydroxide desorption is the key to achieving fast kinetics for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, the well-dispersed Ru clusters on the surface of amorphous/crystalline CeO (Ru/ac-CeO ) is demonstrated to be an excellent electrocatalyst for significantly boosting the alkaline HER kinetics owing to the presence of unique oxygen vacancy (V ) and Ru Lewis acid-base pairs (LABPs). The representative Ru/ac-CeO exhibits an outstanding mass activity of 7180 mA mg that is approximately 9 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C at the potential of -0.

The interface-mediated electron structure tuning of RuO-CoO nano-particles for efficient electrocatalytic nitrate reduction.

The energy-intensive processes for the industrial production of ammonia necessitates the development of new methods to be proposed that will aid in reducing the global energy consumption. Specifically, the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) to produce ammonia is more thermodynamically feasible than the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). However, it is hindered by a low catalytic activity due to its complex reaction pathways.

Robust superhydrophobic silicone/epoxy functional coating with excellent chemical stability and self-cleaning ability.

Superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted broad attention because of their unique water repellency but are restricted by poor wear resistance, weak adhesion to the substrate, and complex fabrication processes. Herein, a double-layer coating strategy consisting of the amino fluorine-silicone resin/epoxy resin (AFSR/EP) system is created. The system features a high hardness and transparent hydrophobic interface adhesive layer through the amine-epoxy "click" chemical reaction.

LITAF Promotes Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation by Stimulating the NF-κB Inflammatory Pathway.

Objective: Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor (LITAF) protein is a newly discovered inflammatory protein. This study aims to study the role of LITAF in the formation of atherosclerosis.

Methods: A total of 10 C57BL/6J mice and 10 C57BL/6J mice with knockout of LITAF gene (C57BL/6J) were divided into two groups: the control group and the LITAF group.

Polystyrene microplastics induce size-dependent multi-organ damage in mice: Insights into gut microbiota and fecal metabolites.

Particle size is one of the most important factors in determining the biological toxicity of microplastics (MPs). In this study, we attempted to examine the systemic toxicity of polystyrene MPs of different sizes (0.5 µm MP1 and 5 µm MP2) in C57BL/6 J mice.

First-principles investigation on multi-magnesium sulfide and magnesium sulfide clusters in magnesium-sulfide batteries.

Because of the abundance of magnesium and sulfur and their low cost, the development of magnesium sulfur batteries is very promising. In particular, the battery performance of nanoscale (MgS) clusters is much better than that of bulk sized MgS. However, the structures, stability, and properties of MgS and (MgS) clusters, which are very important to improve the performance of Mg-S batteries, are still unexplored.

A novel reporter mouse line for studying alveolar macrophages.

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are self-maintained immune cells that play vital roles in lung homeostasis and immunity. Although reporter mice and culture systems have been established for studying macrophages, an accurate and specific reporter line for alveolar macrophage study is still not available. Here we reported a novel Rspo1-tdTomato gene reporter mouse line that could specifically label mouse AMs in a cell-intrinsic manner.