Publications by authors named "Xiaolei Bai"

It has been spotlighted that the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) is crucial for comprehending cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, this comprehensive review elucidates the intricate architecture of the TME, which encompasses tumor cells, immune components, support cells, and a myriad of bioactive molecules. These constituents collectively foster dynamic interactions that underpin tumor growth, metastasis, and nuanced responses to anticancer therapies.

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  • Vacuum collected toilet wastewater (VCTW) presents challenges for biological treatment due to its high and variable organic and nitrogen content.
  • A new process called partial nitrification-denitrification and anammox (PND-AMX) was tested in two reactors, achieving over 90% nitrogen removal, especially effective at temperatures above 18°C.
  • In the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), specific bacteria (Candidatus Kuenenia) played a key role, and their cooperation with denitrifying bacteria enhanced the removal of various nitrogen compounds and chemical oxygen demand (COD).
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We report a thin-film optical amplifier integrated on a fiber facet based on polymer-coated distributed feedback (DFB) microcavities, which are fabricated on a planar substrate and then transferred onto fiber tips by means of a flexible transfer technique. The amplified light directly couples into the fiber and is detected when coupled out at the other end after propagating along the fiber for about 20 cm. A prominently amplification factor of about 4.

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  • The study introduces a U-shaped fiber configuration designed for micro-displacement sensing, utilizing both multimode interference (MMI) and Mach-Zehnder interference (MZI) effects to improve sensitivity and mode dispersion.
  • Experimental results demonstrate that as the radius of the fiber decreases, a redshift occurs in the spectrum, indicating a strong correlation between wavelength change and displacement.
  • The U-shaped SMS fiber structure achieves an average micro-displacement sensitivity of 5.41 pm/μm, with a maximum sensitivity of 34.46 pm/μm, highlighting its potential for practical applications in displacement sensing.
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Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising approach for repairing and regenerating damaged bone tissue, using stem cells and scaffold structures. Among various stem cell sources, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have emerged as a potential candidate due to their multipotential capabilities, ability to undergo osteogenic differentiation, low immunogenicity, and ease of isolation. This article reviews the biological characteristics of DPSCs, their potential for BTE, and the underlying transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in osteogenic differentiation; it also highlights the application of DPSCs in inducing scaffold tissues for bone regeneration and summarizes animal and clinical studies conducted in this field.

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Aim: The implant-abutment connection is a crucial factor in determining the long-term stability of dental implants. The use of a prosthetic index structure in the Morse taper implant-abutment connection has been proposed as a potential solution to improve the accuracy of this connection. This study aimed to provide a scoping review of the mechanical and clinical effects of the prosthetic index structure in the Morse taper implant-abutment connection.

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Background: The preservation and reconstruction of alveolar ridge volume in extraction sockets of molars affected by severe periodontitis is a critical challenge that requires clinical attention.

Purpose: This randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficiency of autogenous partially demineralized dentin matrix (APDDM) for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) in severely periodontally compromised sockets compared to spontaneous healing (SH) on radiographic and histomorphometric outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two patients with 32 periodontally compromised molars were randomized into either the test group, which received ARP using APDDM covered with a collagen sponge, or the control group, which underwent SH.

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Objectives: To determine the effect of an extra hydrophobic resin layer (EHL) on the bond strength and durability of three different pH one-step universal adhesives (UAs) utilized in self-etch (SE) mode, and to explore whether UAs can be used as a primer in two-step bonding system.

Methods: Three different pH UAs were utilized: G-Premio Bond (GPB), Scotchbond Universal (SBU), All-Bond Universal (ABU), while the bonding agent of Clearfil SE Bond 2 (SE2) was selected as the EHL. For the EHL groups, EHL was applied after the air blow of each UA and before light curing.

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Background: To compare the accuracy of dental implant placement using a novel dental implant robotic system (THETA) and a dynamic navigation system (Yizhimei) by a vitro model experiment.

Methods: 10 partially edentulous jaws models were included in this study, and 20 sites were randomly assigned into two groups: the dental implant robotic system (THETA) group and a dynamic navigation system (Yizhimei) group. 20 implants were placed in the defects according to each manufacturer's protocol respectively.

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The effect of the geometric parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a double-layer U-shape microchannel heat sink (DL-MCHS) for a high-power diode laser was investigated in this work. FLUENT 19.2 based on the finite volume method was employed to analyze the flow and heat transfer performance of DL-MCHS.

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Stem cells (SCs) research has experienced exponential growth in recent years. SC-based treatments can enhance the lives of people suffering from cardiac ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and regenerative drug conditions, like bone or loss of teeth. Numerous kinds of progenitor/SCs have been hypothesized to depend on their potential to regain and/or heal wounded tissue and partly recover organ function.

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The single-frequency operation of a thulium fiber laser at a short wavelength of 1720 nm is investigated in a ring resonator. Powerful single-longitudinal-mode operation was realized by utilizing an unpumped thulium-doped fiber as the saturable absorber. The fiber laser delivered 407 mW single-frequency output with a spectral linewidth of 4.

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Using commercial Tm-doped silica fiber and 1570-nm in-band pump source, we demonstrated an efficient 1720-nm all-fiber laser with ring-cavity configuration. The theoretical model based on rate equations was built up to analyze the laser performance of Tm-doped fiber, which exhibits strong absorption in the 1.7-μm region.

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Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are widely used in acetic acid fermentation due to their remarkable ability to oxidize ethanol and high tolerance against acetic acid. In Acetobacter pasteurianus, nucleotide excision repair protein UvrA was up-regulated 2.1 times by acetic acid when compared with that without acetic acid.

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Initial acetic acid can improve the ethanol oxidation rate of acetic acid bacteria for acetic acid fermentation. In this work, Acetobacter pasteurianus was cultured in ethanol-free medium, and energy production was found to increase by 150% through glucose consumption induced by initial acetic acid. However, oxidation of ethanol, instead of glucose, became the main energy production pathway when upon culturing ethanol containing medium.

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Background: Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are widely applied in food, bioengineering and medicine fields. However, the acid stress at low pH conditions limits acetic acid fermentation efficiency and high concentration of vinegar production with AAB. Therefore, how to enhance resistance ability of the AAB remains as the major challenge.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most serious diseases affecting the swine industry worldwide; however, there is no efficient control strategies against PRRSV at present. Therefore, development of new antiviral treatment strategies is urgently needed. As reported, germacrone can efficiently impair influenza virus replication.

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Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most serious diseases affecting the swine industry worldwide; however, there are no efficient control strategies against PRRS virus (PRRSV) at present. Therefore, development of new antiviral treatment strategies is urgently needed. As reported, lithium chloride (LiCl) can efficiently impair the replication of a variety of viruses, including infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV) and transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV).

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