Single cell RNA sequencing reveals mesenchymal heterogeneity and critical functions of in tooth development.

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that the maxillary process, to which cranial crest cells migrate, is essential to tooth development. Emerging studies indicate that plays an essential role in odontogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated.

Aluminum dust exposure and risk of neurodegenerative diseases in a cohort of male miners in Ontario, Canada.

Objectives: We estimated associations between respirable aluminum exposure through McIntyre Powder (MP), a fine-sized aluminum and aluminum compound powder, and neurological disease in a retrospective cohort of mining workers from Ontario, Canada. Outcomes included Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's with other dementias, Parkinson's disease, parkinsonism, and motor neuron disease.

Methods: The cohort was created by linking a database of mining workers' work history to healthcare records.

Neurodegenerative diseases among miners in Ontario, Canada, using a linked cohort.

Objectives: We examined employment in mining occupations and industries and its association with neurological disease incidence in a linkage cohort from Ontario, Canada. Outcomes included Alzheimer's disease (alone and with other dementias), Parkinson's disease, parkinsonism, motor neuron disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods: The Occupational Disease Surveillance System cohort was created by linking workers' compensation data and healthcare usage records.

Trunk Posture Exposure Patterns among Prairie Ranch and Grain Farmers.

: Low back disorders (LBD) are the most common musculoskeletal disorder among farmers, and awkward trunk postures such as repetitive bending are often cited as a contributor. However, it is not clear whether trends of increasing mechanization in agriculture may be impacting the requirement for trunk-intensive tasks. This study compared the patterns of working trunk posture among prairie farmers during both machine-intensive and non-intensive work days.

Musculoskeletal discomfort among Canadian bovine practitioners: Prevalence, impact on work, and perception of physically demanding tasks.

Musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) is prevalent in large animal veterinarians but little research has been conducted on prevalence of MSD and its impact among Canadian bovine veterinarians. This 2017 survey targeted practicing and retired members of the Western Canadian Association of Bovine Practitioners, and adapted the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to quantify MSD prevalence. Open-ended questions were used to determine the impact of MSD on work and to determine what were perceived to be the most physically demanding tasks.

Measurement properties of instruments assessing permanent functional impairment of the spine: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Permanent functional impairment (PFI) of the spine is a rating system used by compensation authorities, such as workers compensation boards, to establish an appropriate level of financial compensation for persistent loss of function. Determination of PFI of the spine is commonly based on the assessment of spinal movement combined with other measures of physical and functional impairments; however, the reliability and validity of the measurement instruments used for these evaluations have yet to be established. The aim of this study is to systematically review and synthesise the literature concerning measurement properties of the various and different instruments used for assessing PFI of the spine.

Predicting Whole-Body Vibration Exposure in Canadian Prairie Farmers.

Direct workplace whole-body vibration exposure assessment provides ecological validity for evaluating health risk in epidemiological studies, yet it is complex and expensive in practical applications. Exposure prediction modeling could be a cost-efficient alternative to directly assessing occupational vibration exposures. The objective of this study was to model directly measured whole-body vibration exposures with predictors from machinery, farm, and self-reported characteristics among Canadian prairies farmers.

Whole-body vibration exposure of occupational horseback riding in agriculture: A ranching example.

Background: Horse riding is common in many occupations; however, there is currently no research evaluating exposure to whole-body vibration and mechanical shock on horseback.

Methods: Whole-body vibration was measured on a cattle rancher during two 30 min horseback rides using a tri-axial accelerometer mounted on a western saddle. Vibration was summarized into standardized metrics, including the 8 hr equivalent root-mean-squared acceleration (A[8]) and the daily 4th power vibration dose value (VDV).

Whole body vibration exposure patterns in Canadian prairie farmers.

Whole body vibration is a significant physical risk factor associated with low back pain. This study assessed farmers' exposure to whole body vibration on the Canadian prairies according to ISO 2631-1. Eighty-seven vibration measurements were collected with a triaxial accelerometer embedded in a rubber seat pad at the operator-seat interface of agricultural machinery, including tractors, combines, pickup trucks, grain trucks, sprayers, swathers, all-terrain vehicles, and skid steers.