Publications by authors named "Xiaoke Chen"

The decline in fitness levels among children and adolescents underscores the urgent need for effective exercise interventions. Aerobic endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) are vital for physical development in this demographic. This study employs multivariate and network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the impact of concurrent training (CT), which integrates both ET and RT, on youth physical fitness.

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We conducted a retrospective study of 1055 patients with urinary stones who attended our single center from September 2017 to June 2024. Clinical data and laboratory indicators of patients were evaluated and compared with stone components. The most common type in our study was calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones (76.

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Article Synopsis
  • Invertible promoters, or invertons, are key elements in bacteria that enable gene expression changes, especially under stress, but their prevalence and functions were previously unclear.
  • The researchers developed DeepInverton, a deep learning model that can identify invertons across numerous bacterial genomes without sequencing data, uncovering over 200,000 unique invertons, many found in pathogens.
  • The study found that invertons increased after the Cambrian Explosion, regulating various functions like antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, which is important for understanding microbial ecology and could have applications in synthetic biology.
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Objective: To explore effective exercise types for reducing chronic inflammation in individuals with overweight and obesity (IOO) while accounting for confounders.

Methods: A systematic search for RCTs in English between January 2000 and August 2023 was conducted to evaluating exercise effects on inflammatory biomarkers in IOO. A network meta-analysis conducted.

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Third-harmonic generation microscopy is a powerful label-free nonlinear imaging technique, providing essential information about structural characteristics of cells and tissues without requiring external labelling agents. In this work, we integrated a recently developed compact adaptive optics module into a third-harmonic generation microscope, to measure and correct for optical aberrations in complex tissues. Taking advantage of the high sensitivity of the third-harmonic generation process to material interfaces and thin membranes, along with the 1,300-nm excitation wavelength used here, our adaptive optical third-harmonic generation microscope enabled high-resolution in vivo imaging within highly scattering biological model systems.

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Airway foreign bodies are a common clinical emergency, predominantly occurring in children, with adults less frequently affected. Airway foreign bodies can cause a variety of symptoms, with adults more commonly presenting with cough, a factor that often leads to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Due to anatomical features, most foreign bodies are more likely to be aspirated into the right bronchus, especially the right lower and middle bronchi, with the right upper lung less commonly involved.

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Article Synopsis
  • Scientists found that certain strong-absorbing molecules can make live animals look clear, like when you see through water.
  • They discovered this happens because these molecules change how light travels in the body, making it easier to see inside.
  • This research could help find new ways to see inside living creatures for studying biology and medicine better.
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Background: The quick sequential [sepsis-related] organ failure assessment (qSOFA) acts as a prompt to consider possible sepsis. The contributions of individual qSOFA elements to assessment of severity and for prediction of mortality remain unknown.

Methods: A total of 3974 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were recruited to an observational prospective cohort study.

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Background: Therapeutic resistance is a main obstacle to achieve long-term benefits from immune checkpoint inhibitors. The underlying mechanism of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 resistance remains unclear.

Methods: Multi-omics analysis, including mass cytometry, single-cell RNA-seq, bulk RNA-seq, and polychromatic flow cytometry, was conducted using the resected tumor samples in a cohort of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients received neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy.

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Bullous keratopathy, a condition severely impacting vision and potentially leading to corneal blindness, necessitates corneal transplantation. However, the shortage of donor corneas and complex surgical procedures drive the exploration of tissue-engineered corneal endothelial layers. This study develops a transparent, amphiphilic, and cell-free membrane for corneal endothelial replacement.

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Chronic pain is a prevalent problem that plagues modern society, and better understanding its mechanisms is critical for developing effective therapeutics. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its primary receptor, Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), are known to be potent mediators of chronic pain, but there is a lack of established methods for precisely perturbing the NGF/TrkA signaling pathway in the study of pain and nociception. Optobiological tools that leverage light-induced protein-protein interactions allow for precise spatial and temporal control of receptor signaling.

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TDP-43 proteinopathy, initially disclosed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), coexists with tauopathy in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, termed multiple etiology dementias (MEDs), including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). While such co-pathology of TDP-43 is strongly associated with worsened neurodegeneration and steeper cognitive decline, the pathogenic mechanism underlying the exacerbated neuron loss remains elusive. The loss of TDP-43 splicing repression that occurs in presymptomatic ALS-FTD individuals suggests that such early loss could facilitate the pathological conversion of tau to accelerate neuron loss.

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Third-harmonic generation microscopy is a powerful label-free nonlinear imaging technique, providing essential information about structural characteristics of cells and tissues without requiring external labelling agents. In this work, we integrated a recently developed compact adaptive optics module into a third-harmonic generation microscope, to measure and correct for optical aberrations in complex tissues. Taking advantage of the high sensitivity of the third-harmonic generation process to material interfaces and thin membranes, along with the 1,300-nm excitation wavelength used here, our adaptive optical third-harmonic generation microscope enabled high-resolution in vivo imaging within highly scattering biological model systems.

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Background: The aberrant intracellular expression of a mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (DARS2) has been reported in human cancers. Nevertheless, its critical role and detailed mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unexplored.

Methods: Initially, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-based Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database (http://gepia.

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CD4 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4 CTLs) are suggested to play a crucial role in inflammatory diseases, including cancer, but their characteristics in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unknown. Here, using the cell surface marker CD11b, we identify CD11bCD4 CTLs as a cytotoxic subset of CD4 T cells in multiple tissues of NSCLC patients. In addition, tumor-infiltrating CD11bCD4 CTLs show a dysfunctional phenotype with elevated expression of CD200 receptor (CD200R), a negatively immunomodulatory receptor.

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The purpose of this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to investigate the effects of various exercise categories on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and other anthropometric variables in individuals with overweight and obesity. A total of 84 RCTs (4836 patients) were included. Aerobic exercise (AE) of at least moderate intensity, resistance training (RT), AE combined with RT (AE + RT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) were beneficial for reducing VAT.

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Bioelectronic fibers hold promise for both research and clinical applications due to their compactness, ease of implantation, and ability to incorporate various functionalities such as sensing and stimulation. However, existing devices suffer from bulkiness, rigidity, limited functionality, and low density of active components. These limitations stem from the difficulty to incorporate many components on one-dimensional (1D) fiber devices due to the incompatibility of conventional microfabrication methods (e.

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Background: Exergames are promising exercise tools for improving health. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review has compared the effects of commercial exergames and conventional exercises on improving executive functions (EFs) in children and adolescents.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of commercial exergames and conventional exercises on improving EFs in children and adolescents.

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In this issue of Neuron, Xiao et al. reported that inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the pontine central gray encode and transmit opposite valences of sensory stimuli through parallel circuits to a distributed brain network.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study examines the risks and benefits of early discharge (within 2 days) after lung cancer surgery via thoracoscopy, focusing on factors that influence readmission rates.
  • Researchers analyzed data from over 10,800 patients, identifying several predictors that could affect whether patients were discharged early, such as age, tumor size, and type of anesthesia used.
  • Findings suggest that well-chosen patients can leave the hospital safely within 2 days without significantly raising the odds of being readmitted within 30 days.
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The assessment of severity is crucial in the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It remains unknown whether updating cut-off values of severity scoring systems orchestrate improvement in predictive accuracy. 3,212 patients with CAP were recruited to two observational prospective cohort studies.

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The central amygdala (CeA) is implicated in a range of mental processes including attention, motivation, memory formation and extinction and in behaviours driven by either aversive or appetitive stimuli. How it participates in these divergent functions remains elusive. Here we show that somatostatin-expressing (Sst) CeA neurons, which mediate much of CeA functions, generate experience-dependent and stimulus-specific evaluative signals essential for learning.

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Introduction: Previous studies have revealed that Gleason score upgrading (GSU) was closely related to an increased biochemical recurrence rate and adverse oncologic outcomes in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the predictive factors for GSU following radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: We performed an extensive literature search using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane in September 2022.

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