In this work, the thermodynamics and kinetics of the reversible and irreversible processes of cyanidin 3,5--diglucoside and cyanidin 3--(2--glucosyl, 6--sinapoyl)glucoside-2--glucoside, 5--glucoside were studied by covering all pH range (holistic approach). The acylation (i) decreases the mole fraction of the colorless hemiketal in acidic medium and increases that of the colored quinoidal base, (ii) expands the pH domain of the flavylium cation, and (iii) moderately decreases the rate of tautomerization and isomerization of the neutral and monoanionic species. Degradation of cyanidin-3,5--diglucoside in a basic medium occurs in two distinct stages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPepper seed protein isolate (PSPI) is a valuable plant-based protein source, yet the impact of processing methods such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on its properties remains unclear. The impact of HHP on the structural and functional properties of PSPI at pH 7 and pH 9 was evaluated. Structural changes in PSPI were analyzed using spectral techniques, revealing significant alterations in the secondary and tertiary structures induced by HHP treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study investigated the impact of high-pressure processing (HPP) treatment on the structure and physicochemical properties of pectin (PEC)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) composite films, along with the development of new active films incorporating emodin as an antibacterial agent. The results showed that 500 MPa/20 min HPP treatment significantly improved the tensile strength (from 45.91 ± 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Construction of meat analogs based on pea protein isolate (PPI) alone by high moisture extrusion (HME) is diffocult as a result of the lack of anisotropic structures. In the present study, 0%-15% of whey protein (WP) was introduced to PPI to make hybrid blends, which were used to construct HME extrudates.
Results: WP enhanced the hardness, adhesive, cohesiveness and gumminess of the extrudates and facilitated the formation of a distinct anisotropic structure of PPI.
Natural nanodelivery systems are highly desirable owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, these delivery systems face challenges from potential degradation in the harsh gastrointestinal environment and limitations imposed by the intestinal mucus barrier, reducing their oral delivery efficacy. Here, gastrointestinal stable and mucus-permeable pea albumin nanomicelles (PANs) with a small particle size (36.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study explored how high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and proteins (i.e., BSA and HSA) influence the color and chemical stability of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) at neutral pH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeveloping highland barley products is complex, possibly due to the presence of β-glucan in highland barley. This study aims to investigate the impact of β-glucan on the physicochemical properties, microstructure, and molecular interactions of highland barley starch (HBS) during gelatinization and aging. Increasing the β-glucan content significantly reduced peak viscosity, setback viscosity, and breakdown viscosity, indicating altered gelatinization behavior.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSporulation as a typical bacterial differentiation process has been studied for decades. However, two crucial aspects of sporulation, (i) the energy sources supporting the process, and (ii) the maintenance of spore dormancy throughout sporulation, are scarcely explored. Here, we reported the crucial role of RocG-mediated glutamate catabolism in regulating mother cell lysis, a critical step for sporulation completion of Bacillus subtilis, likely by providing energy metabolite ATP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh pressure processing (HPP) is a non-thermal technology that can ensure microbial safety without compromising food quality. However, the presence of pressure-resistant sub-populations, the revival of sub-lethally injured (SLI) cells, and the resuscitation of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells pose challenges for its further development. The combination of HPP with other methods such as moderate temperatures, low pH, and natural antimicrobials (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe development of natural inhibitors of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is crucial in the prevention of enzymatic browning in fresh foods. However, few studies have focused on the effect of subsequent sterilization on their inhibition efficiency. This study investigated the influence and mechanism of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the inhibition of PPO by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), and ferulic acid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSepsis causes dysfunction in different organs, but the pathophysiological mechanisms behind it are similar and mainly involve complex hemodynamic and cellular dysfunction. The importance of microcirculatory dysfunction in sepsis is becoming increasingly evident, in which endothelial dysfunction and glycocalyx degradation play a major role. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) on renal microcirculation in septic renal failure, and whether Sirt1 was involved in the renoprotective effects of HRS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study investigated the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the binding interactions of cyanindin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) to bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin (HSA), bovine lactoferrin, and ovotransferrin. Fluorescence quenching revealed that HHP reduced C3G-binding affinity to HSA, while having a largely unaffected role for the other proteins. Notably, pretreating HSA at 500 MPa significantly increased its dissociation constant with C3G from 24.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFermentation is a traditional method utilized for vegetable preservation, with microorganisms playing a crucial role in the process. Nowadays, traditional spontaneous fermentation methods are widely employed, which excessively depend on the microorganisms attached to the surface of raw materials, resulting in great difficulties in ideal control over the fermentation process. To achieve standardized production and improve product quality, it is essential to promote inoculated fermentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, the phenomenon of the stability-activity trade-off, which is increasingly recognized in enzyme engineering, was explored. Typically, enhanced stability in enzymes correlates with diminished activity. Utilizing copper-zinc superoxide dismutase () as a model, single-site mutations were introduced based on a semirational design derived from consensus sequences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCasein micelle has a structure of outer hydrophilicity and inner hydrophobicity, its typical digestion characteristic is gastric coagulation. Based on calcium content as the key factor to control this process, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was firstly used to modify the micelle structure by mediating the tight connection between casein molecules themselves and with colloidal calcium, then the quercetin-loaded delivery systems were prepared. And in order to investigate the effect of exogenous calcium, calcium chloride was added for digestion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The scarcity of naturally available sources for blue colorants has driven reliance on synthetic alternatives. Nevertheless, growing health concerns have prompted the development of naturally derived blue colorants, which remains challenging with limited success thus far. Anthocyanins (ACNs) are known for providing blue colors in plants, and metal complexation with acylated ACNs remains the primary strategy to generate stable blue hues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe emergence of microplastics as contaminants has raised concerns regarding their potential toxicity. Recent studies on microplastic pollution caused by food packaging have drawn attention to its impact on health. However, despite being used extensively in food packaging, there is little knowledge about the toxicity of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-pressure homogenization has been extensively studied for its excellent homogenization effect and the prospect of continuous liquid food production, but its sterilization ability still needs to be improved. In this study, we replaced the homogenization valve with two opposing diamond nozzles (0.05 mm inner diameter) so that the fluid collided at high velocity, corresponding to high-pressure micro-fluidization (HPM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNative starches usually have poor polyphenol-binding efficiency despite remarkable architectural structures. In this study, the interaction between cyandin-3-O-glucose (C3G) and three starches under high hydrostatic pressure was investigated. Pressure (200-550 MPa) was found to promote the binding rate of potato starch from 31.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study aimed to analyze and reduce the pressure resistance (PR), sublethal injury (SLI), and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) populations during HPP. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were selected for evaluation of PR, SLI and VBNC cell counts and proportions during HPP. The results revealed that the bactericidal efficiency against these strains gradually improved as the processing pressure increased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, the cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G)-binding capacities of three native starches were investigated. While potato starch had the largest binding capacity of 0.34 mg/100 mg, corn and pea starch had binding capacities of 0.
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