Publications by authors named "Xiaojun Cai"

Regional lymph node (LN) dissection is often used for the treatment of deep LNs in tumour surgery; however, the method is prone to incomplete LN dissection, trauma, complications, and other side effects. LN tracers make it easier to visualise and remove LNs. However, the current common LN tracers only have a single function or have radiation hazards related to their use.

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Background: Lotus leaf and its extracts have been reported to exert various beneficial effects; however, their anti-obesity mechanisms remain relatively unclear. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism by which lotus leaf regulates obesity using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experimentation.

Methods: Network pharmacology was used to identify potential targets and pathways through which lotus leaf regulates obesity.

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Background: Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (MET) variant is an independent prognostic factor for worse prognosis in patients with lung cancer or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. MET gene variants can be regarded as a subtype of melanoma but there is a lack of studies regarding the frequency of MET genetic alterations and the efficacy of immunotherapy in melanoma patients. The purpose of this study is to explore potential therapeutic strategies for melanoma subtypes with MET alterations.

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Introduction: Studies have shown that immune-related genes play a crucial role in tumor development and treatment. However, the specific roles and potential value of these genes in lung cancer patients are still not fully understood. Therefore, this study aims to establish a novel risk model based on immune-related genes for evaluating the prognostic risk and response to immune therapy in lung cancer patients.

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The main features of early caries are the massive colonization of cariogenic bacteria and demineralization of tooth enamel by the acids that they produce. Owing to the lack of effective treatments, the development of anticaries therapeutics with both antimicrobial and remineralizing properties is urgently required. Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNs) are ideal therapeutics for the treatment of early caries because they can mediate photothermal antibacterial activity and subsequently promote remineralization by generating PO .

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  • - *This study investigates the pharmacokinetics, effectiveness, and safety of colistin sulphate in lung transplant recipients to optimize dosing regimens due to a lack of existing information.* - *Using NONMEM software, the researchers analyzed data from 39 patients and found a significant percentage achieved bacterial eradication and clinical improvement, with minimal nephrotoxicity reported.* - *The findings suggest that current dosing recommendations may not sufficiently target certain levels of bacteria, highlighting the need for tailored dosage strategies based on individual kidney function and medication interactions.*
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Background: Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of schizophrenia. Metabolic abnormalities impact cognition, and although the influence of blood lipids on cognition has been documented, it remains unclear. We conducted a small cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between blood lipids and cognition in patients with stable-phase schizophrenia.

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  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a serious disease that leads to the loss of motor neurons, and currently, there are no effective drug treatments available.
  • The study explores low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as a noninvasive method to treat ALS using a mouse model.
  • Results indicate that LIPUS treatment can delay the onset of ALS symptoms, extend lifespan, improve blood flow in the motor cortex, and reduce neuroinflammation, suggesting its potential as a therapy for ALS.
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  • Digestive system tumors are very serious and can lead to depression, which needs more attention for better patient care.
  • A study reviewed 384 articles from 2014 to 2023 to understand how these tumors and depression are related, focusing on where and by whom the research is being done.
  • The findings show that China and the U.S. published the most studies, and current research is exploring how to improve treatment and understand the connections between tumors and depression better.
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Receptor-binding peptides are promising candidates for tumor target therapy. However, the inability to occupy "hot spots" on the PPI interface and rapid metabolic instability are significant limitations to their clinical application. We investigated a new strategy in which an FGFR1-binding peptide (Pep1) was site-specifically functionalized with the dinitrophenyl (DNP) hapten at the C-terminus.

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  • Ovarian granulosa cells are crucial for estrogen production and female fertility, regulated by gonadotrophins like FSH and LH.
  • The study investigates the role of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in these cells, revealing that its presence is necessary for normal ovarian functions.
  • Knockout experiments on ENaC in mice lead to issues such as disrupted estrogen levels, infertility signs, and impaired calcium signaling, highlighting ENaC's importance in maintaining estrogen homeostasis and overall female reproductive health.
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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Sulodexide in treating idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) in the Chinese population.

Methods: We systematically reviewed all eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) conducted in China that investigated the effects of Sulodexide on IMN. Three RCTs published between 2013 and 2022 were included, encompassing a total of 146 patients.

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Heart failure causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Clinically applied drugs for the treatment of heart failure are still severely limited by poor delivery efficiency to the heart and off-target consumption. Inspired by the high heart delivery efficiency of inhaled drugs, we present an inhalable cardiac-targeting peptide (CTP)-modified calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticle for the delivery of TP-10, a selective inhibitor of PDE10A.

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Importance: Previous studies have shown that Jinlida (JLD) granules, an approved treatment for type 2 diabetes in China, can reduce blood glucose level, reduce glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and improve insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of long-term administration of JLD vs placebo on the incidence of diabetes in participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and multiple metabolic abnormalities.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial (FOCUS) was conducted across 35 centers in 21 cities in China from June 2019 to February 2023.

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Background: Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is a rare but highly destructive eye emergency secondary to systemic infection. Acute endophthalmitis can lead to irreversible vision impairment or even loss of the whole eye, unless being diagnosed and treated promptly.

Case Presentation: This study reports three typical EE cases of endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to different severe systemic diseases.

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  • Stent-assisted coiling for intracranial aneurysms has drawbacks like implant stenosis and dependence on antiplatelet drugs.
  • A novel approach using magnetite-thrombin nanorobots is introduced, which targets aneurysms directly without the need for stent grafts or complex catheter designs.
  • The therapy's effectiveness and safety are validated through various imaging techniques and biocompatibility tests, offering a promising alternative for treating intracranial aneurysms.
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Background: The main issues faced during the treatment of apical periodontitis are the management of bacterial infection and the facilitation of the repair of alveolar bone defects to shorten disease duration. Conventional root canal irrigants are limited in their efficacy and are associated with several side effects. This study introduces a synergistic therapy based on nitric oxide (NO) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for the treatment of apical periodontitis.

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  • - Disulfiram (DSF) shows potential in cancer treatment by disrupting the breakdown of proteins in cancer cells, but its effectiveness is hindered by an unstable ratio of copper (Cu) to DSF.
  • - The study proposes using PVP-coated CuO nanodots (CPNDs) to generate copper and enhance the chemotherapeutic effects of DSF in melanoma by creating a supportive environment within tumors.
  • - CPNDs help release Cu and reactive oxygen species that work together to increase the toxicity of the treatment, suggesting that this method could be a practical way to improve DSF-based chemotherapy effectiveness.
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The treatment of diabetic periodontitis poses a significant challenge due to the presence of local inflammation characterized by excessive glucose concentration, bacterial infection, and high oxidative stress. Herein, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are embellished with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and loaded with manganese carbonyl to prepare a carbon monoxide (CO) enhanced multienzyme cooperative hybrid nanoplatform (MSN-Au@CO). The Glucose-like oxidase activity of Au NPs catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to hydrogen peroxide (HO) and gluconic acid,and then converts HO to hydroxyl radicals (•OH) by peroxidase-like activity to destroy bacteria.

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  • Excessive activation of FGFR4 signaling is linked to poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), making FGFR4 inhibitors like F30 promising for treatment.
  • F30, an indazole derivative, induces ferroptosis in HCC cells by disrupting cellular iron levels, membrane peroxidation, and glutathione balance, affecting the cell's redox status.
  • The anticancer effects of F30 are dependent on upregulating ferroptosis-related genes, particularly HMOX1, suggesting that targeting FGFR4 could enhance HCC treatment through ferroptosis.
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Developing an accurate and precise approach for the simultaneous detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is significant for food safety surveillance. Herein, a photoelectrochemical sensing platform was constructed based on polycarboxylic ionic liquid functionalized metal-organic framework integrated with gold nanoparticles (Yb-MOFs@AuNPs). Sulfhydryl functionalized hairpin DNA (hDNA) was immobilized on a Yb-MOFs@AuNPs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface through Au-S bond.

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Ferroptosis is characterized by the lethal accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has great potential for tumor therapy. However, developing new ferroptosis-inducing strategies by combining nanomaterials with small molecule inducers is important. In this study, an enzyme-gated biodegradable natural-product delivery system based on lactate oxidase (LOD)-gated biodegradable iridium (Ir)-doped hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (HMONs) loaded with honokiol (HNK) (HNK@Ir-HMONs-LOD, HIHL) is designed to enhance ferroptosis in colon tumor therapy.

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Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. Due to the influence of RT on tumor cells and immune/stromal cells in microenvironment, some studies suggest that immunologic landscape could shape treatment response. To better predict the survival based on genomic data, we developed a prognostic model using tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) signature to predict survival in patients undergoing RT for HNSCC.

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