Primary dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the gallbladder: a case report and literature review.

Background: Liposarcoma (LPS) is a kind of malignancy of soft tissue usually found in the retroperitoneal, limb, or neck region, and some may be detected with delayed symptoms (pain or palpable mass), and less frequently occurs in organs of the digestive system. In contrast, Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a common histological subtype of LPS. The present study reported a case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma originating in the gallbladder.

Compromised macrophages contribute to progression of MASH to hepatocellular carcinoma in FGF21KO mice.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis is well accepted as a potential precursor of hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously, we reported that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) revealed a novel anti-inflammatory activity via inhibiting the TLR4-IL-17A signaling, which could be a potential anticarcinogenetic mechanism to prevent to MASH-HCC transition. Here, we set out to determine whether FGF21 has a major impact on Kupffer cells' (KCs) ability during MASH-HCC transition.

Identification of prognostic biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma by combined analysis of molecular characteristics of clinical MVI subtypes and molecular subtypes.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is widely noted for its high degree of malignancy, rapid progression, and limited therapeutic options. This study was carried out on transcriptome data of 417 CCA samples from different anatomical locations. The effects of lipid metabolism related genes and immune related genes as CCA classifiers were compared.

Correction: Enhancing Specific-Antibody Production to the ragB Vaccine with GITRL That Expand Tfh, IFN-γ+ T Cells and Attenuates Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection in Mice.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Retroperitoneal undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma with total nephrectomy: a case report and literature review.

Background: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a highly malignant soft tissue sarcoma with a poor prognosis and no clear effective clinical means for treatment, and there has been no significant progress in research within this field in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnostic modalities, various treatment modalities, and prognosis of retroperitoneal undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and to contribute to the clinical management of this type of disease. In this study, we report a case of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma with a primary origin in the retroperitoneum.

Delivery of melarsoprol using folate-targeted PEGylated cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, and has become one of the most lethal malignancies in the world. Although chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of cancer therapy, the number of chemotherapeutic drugs approved for HCC is low, and emerging therapeutics are needed. Melarsoprol (MEL) is an arsenic-containing drug, and has been applied in the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis at the late stage.

S1PR1/S1PR3-YAP signaling and S1P-ALOX15 signaling contribute to an aggressive behavior in obesity-lymphoma.

Background: Excess body weight has been found to associate with an increased risk of lymphomas and some metabolic pathways are currently recognized in lymphomagenesis. Bioactive lipid metabolites such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been proposed to play an important role linking obesity and lymphomas. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of S1P signaling in obesity-lymphomagenesis have not been well addressed.

Epigenetic modulation enhances immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. PDAC has poor response to immunotherapy because of its unique tumour microenvironment (TME). In an attempt to stimulate immunologically silent pancreatic cancer, we investigated the role of epigenetic therapy in modulating the TME to improve immunogenicity.

The risk and prognostic factors for G1 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A retrospective analysis of the SEER database.

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) for which little is known about their clinical features, treatment options, and survival prognosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk factors affecting the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with grade 1 pNETs (G1 pNETs) and to provide a new theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of individuals with G1 pNETs registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) database was performed.

Second malignant neoplasms in lymphomas, secondary lymphomas and lymphomas in metabolic disorders/diseases.

With inconsistent findings, evidence has been obtained in recent years that metabolic disorders are closely associated with the development of lymphomas. Studies and multiple analyses have been published also indicating that some solid tumor survivors develop a secondary lymphoma, whereas some lymphoma survivors subsequently develop a second malignant neoplasm (SMN), particularly solid tumors. An interaction between the multiple etiologic factors such as genetic factors and late effects of cancer therapy may play an important role contributing to the carcinogenesis in patients with metabolic diseases or with a primary cancer.

Interleukin-33 Reinvigorates Antiviral Function of Viral-Specific CD8 T Cells in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

Restoration of exhausted hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8 T cells is one of the important strategies for inhibition of viral replication. The role of interleukin (IL)-33 to recovery of CD8 T cell activity is not fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of IL-33 on viral-specific CD8 T cell responses in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients by both phenotypic and functional analysis.

Aberrant FGFR4 signaling worsens nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in FGF21KO mice.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and a potential precursor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our previous studies, we found that endocrine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) played a key role in preventing the development of NASH, however, the FGF15/19 mediated-FGFR4 signaling worsened NASH and even contributed to the NASH-HCC transition. The aim of this study is to determine whether FGF15/FGFR4 signaling could alleviate or aggravate NASH in the FGF21KO mice.

Irreversible electroporation enhances immunotherapeutic effect in the off-target tumor in a murine model of orthotopic HCC.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has been postulated to have an off-target effect on lesions not in the tumor-ablative field, possibly through heightened immunologic response. In this study, we evaluated whether combination IRE and immunotherapy would lead to increased tumor necrosis and T cell recruitment to both the treated tumors and tumors outside the local ablative field. An cell-IRE model was established to evaluate the ability of T lymphocytes (EL4 cell and HH cells) migration in response to Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (Hepa1-6 and HepG2) with IRE treatment.

Lack of FGF21 promotes NASH-HCC transition hepatocyte-TLR4-IL-17A signaling.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasingly recognized in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is reported to prevent NASH and delay HCC development. In this study, the effects of FGF21 on NASH progression and NASH-HCC transition and the potential mechanism(s) were investigated.

Surgical treatment of a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma with right atrial metastasis: A case report.

Rationale: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with intracavitary metastasis extending to the heart, also known as inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus, is an extremely rare late-stage disease with no effective treatment. In fact, the median survival is reportedly less than 2 months; thus, there is an urgent need for better treatment.

Patient Concerns: In this study, a 48-year-old patient was admitted to our hospital to seek medical treatment for advanced primary HCC with right atrial metastasis.

Electrochemotherapy with Irreversible Electroporation and FOLFIRINOX Improves Survival in Murine Models of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Previously published work has demonstrated that combining gemcitabine with irreversible electroporation (IRE) results in increased drug delivery to pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells in vivo. This study assessed the efficacy of IRE + gemcitabine and IRE + FOLFIRINOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin), the impact of the superior regimen on survival, and the safety of electrochemotherapy in human subjects.

Methods: Histologic analysis was performed after in vitro and in vivo treatment of S2013 and Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells and S2013 orthotopic tumors, respectively, and levels of apoptotic machinery and cell cycle proteins were evaluated using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot.

ROS-responsive targeting micelles for optical imaging-guided chemo-phototherapy of cancer.

The combination of chemotherapy and phototherapy gives rise to a boom in cancer therapy methodology. An all-in-one nanoplatform is of particular interest for increased safety and efficacy geared toward personalized precision medicine. However, low drug loading efficiency, random dispersion and distribution without visualization are widespread concerns.

Impact of combined ischemic preconditioning and remote ischemic perconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation.

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPer) confer protective effects against liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but data about RIPer applying in liver transplantation is lacking. The study aimed to evaluate whether the combination of IPC and RIPer provides reinforced protective effects. C57BL/6 mice (160 pairs) were allocated into four groups: control, subjected to liver transplantation only; IPC, donor hilar was clamped for 10 min followed by 15 min of reperfusion; RIPer, three cycles of occlusion (5 min) and opening (5 min) of femoral vascular bundle were performed before reperfusion; IPC + RIPer, donors and recipients were subjected to IPC and RIPer respectively.

Functional variants of TNFAIP3 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in a cohort of Chinese Han population.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) is a negative regulator of NF-κB activity. We previously reported that the paired tandem polymorphic dinucleotides TT > A (rs148314165, rs200820567 of TNFAIP3) conferred the risk for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in European and Korean populations. We investigated the genetic association of the TT > A variants, as well as the functional coding variant rs2230926 in exon 3 of TNFAIP3 in 1229 Chinese Han SLE patients and 1608 matched population controls.

Publisher Correction: A functional variant in the OAS1 gene is associated with Sjögren's syndrome complicated with HBV infection.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Gallbladder perforation in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and asymptomatic gallstones: A case report.

Rationale: Gallbladder perforation is a relatively uncommon complication of alcoholic liver cirrhosis and may happen with or without gallstones.

Patient Concerns: Here we report a 52-year-old male patient who was diagnosed as gallbladder perforation with chronic liver cirrhosis and asymptomatic gallstones. The patient was admitted with acute and severe abdominal pain during weight-bearing physical labor.

Acute kidney injury following the first stage of the ALPPS procedure: A case report.

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is a novel approach for performing liver resection, and the number of clinical applications of this technique has rapidly increased within recent years. ALPPS is important in patients who have insufficient residual liver volume and cannot undergo radical hepatic resection. The most common postoperative complications of ALPPS include biliary fistula and infection.

A functional variant in the OAS1 gene is associated with Sjögren's syndrome complicated with HBV infection.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been suspected to contribute to several autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren's syndrome (SS), although the exact mechanism is unknown. The 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS1) is one of the most important components of the immune system and has significant antiviral functions. We studied a polymorphism rs10774671 of OAS1 gene in Han Chinese descent.