Propagation of noninteger cylindrical vector vortex beams in a gradient-index fiber.

The characteristics of two noninteger cylindrical vector vortex beams (NCVVBs) propagating through a radial gradient-index (GRIN) fiber are analyzed on the basis of the generalized Huygens-Fresnel principle. The NCVVBs exhibit periodic and stable transmission characteristics in the radial GRIN fiber. Polarization changes, the presence of spin angular momentum (SAM), and changes in the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the NCVVBs are observed at the focal plane of the radial GRIN fiber.

Spin-orbit interactions of a circularly polarized vortex beam in paraxial propagation.

Spin-orbit interactions (SOIs) of circularly polarized beam and circularly polarized vortex beam during paraxial propagation in a radial gradient-index (GRIN) fiber are analyzed using the generalized Huygens-Fresnel principle and the GRIN fiber's ABCD matrix. SAM is only associated with polarized light helicity and OAM is only associated with topological charge m. SAM and OAM do not crosstalk or convert between each other; SOIs did not occur at the GRIN fiber's focal plane.

Mesoporous waffle-like N-doped carbon with embedded Co nanoparticles for efficiently electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and evolution.

Rational design and facile preparation of high-performance carbon-based eletrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) is crucial for practical applications of rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Inspired by the fact that the metallic Co catalysis on the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), this work develops a facial compression-pyrolysis route to synthesize a mesoporous waffle-like N-doped carbon framework with embedded Co nanoparticles (Co@pNC) using a Co metal-organic framework and melamine as precursors. The unique porous waffle-like carbon framework is built up of interwoven N-doped CNTs and graphene nanosheets, which offers abundant catalytic-active sites and rapid diffusion channels for intermediates and electrolyte.

Spin-orbit periodic conversion in a gradient-index fiber.

The characteristics of the cylindrical vector beam (CVB) and the cylindrical vector vortex beam (CVVB) in a radial gradient-index (GRIN) fiber are analyzed on the basis of the generalized Huygens-Fresnel principle. The CVB and CVVB exhibit periodic and stable transmission characteristics in the radial GRIN fiber. In the beam with a vortex phase (CVVB), the polarization changes and the spin angular momentum (SAM) is detected at the focal plane of the radial GRIN fiber.

Mapping the spin angular momentum distribution of focused linearly and circularly polarized vortex fields.

Using the previously proposed spin-resolved near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) technique, we mapped the spin angular momentum (SAM) axial component () distributions of tightly focused linearly and circularly polarized vortex beams. The system's effectiveness was confirmed in our previous article by mapping various tightly focused cylindrical vector vortex beams. The SAM of different focused vortex light fields is essential in the research of near-field spin optics and topological photonics.

[Research on Self-perception and Active Warning Model of Medical Equipment Operation and Maintenance Status Based on Machine Learning Algorithm].

The panoramic perception of medical equipment operation and maintenance status is the basic guarantee for the implementation of smart medical care, the machine learning algorithm-based autonomous perception and active early warning model of medical equipment operation and maintenance status is proposed. Introduce deep learning multi-dimensional perception of medical equipment multi-source heterogeneous fault data training sample characteristics to realize autonomous perception of medical equipment operation and maintenance status, introduce reinforcement learning to realize autonomous decision-making of test sample fault characteristics, and build the active early warning mechanism for medical equipment faults. Taking the equipment department of hospital as the carrier of model effectiveness verification, the effectiveness simulation of the model was carried out, the results show that the model has the advantages of comprehensive fault information perception, strong compatibility of medical equipment, high efficiency of active early warning.

Surface plasmon coupled nano-probe for near field scanning optical microscopy.

Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is a powerful tool for study of the nanoscale information of objects by measuring their near-field electric field distributions. The near-field probe, which determines NSOM system performance, can be either a scattering-type or an aperture-type. Both types have strengths and weaknesses.

A comparative UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based metabolomics approach for distinguishing Zingiber officinale Roscoe of two geographical origins.

Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, is a popular spice used in the food, beverage and confectionary industries. In this study, we report an untargeted UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based metabolomics approach for comprehensively discriminating between ginger from two geographical locations, Ghana in West Africa and China. Forty batches of fresh ginger from both countries were discriminated using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis.

Molecular targeting of VEGF/VEGFR signaling by the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody BD0801 inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths with 750,000 newly diagnosed cases each year. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy constitute the main treatment modalities for HCC, but liver cirrhosis and damage often occur. Molecular targeted drugs have been recently developed to treat HCC.

All-fiber reflecting temperature probe based on the simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fiber filled with aqueous quantum dot solution.

An all-fiber reflecting fluorescent temperature probe is proposed based on the simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (SHC-PCF) filled with an aqueous CdSe/ZnS quantum dot solution. SHC-PCF is an excellent PCF used to fill liquid materials, which has low loss transmission bands in the visible wavelength range and enlarged core sizes. Both end faces of the SHC-PCF were spliced with multimode fiber after filling in order to generate a more stable and robust waveguide structure.

Endostar inhibits ascites formation and prolongs survival in mouse models of malignant ascites.

Endostar, a modified recombinant human endostatin, inhibits the growth of a variety of tumors by suppressing neovascularization. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has an important role in malignant ascites formation. In order to determine whether Endostar can suppress the formation of ascites and prolong survival times, mouse models of malignant ascites were established using S180 and H22 tumor cells.

Inhibitory effect of endostar on specific angiogenesis induced by human hepatocellular carcinoma.

To investigate the effect of endostar on specific angiogenesis induced by human hepatocellular carcinoma, this research systematically elucidated the inhibitory effect on HepG2-induced angiogenesis by endostar from 50 ng/mL to 50000 ng/mL. We employed fluorescence quantitative Boyden chamber analysis, wound-healing assay, flow cytometry examination using a coculture system, quantitative analysis of tube formation, and in vivo Matrigel plug assay induced by HCC conditioned media (HCM) and HepG2 compared with normal hepatocyte conditioned media (NCM) and L02. Then, we found that endostar as a tumor angiogenesis inhibitor could potently inhibit human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration in response to HCM after four- to six-hour action, inhibit HCM-induced HUVEC migration to the lesion part in a dose-dependent manner between 50 ng/mL and 5000 ng/mL at 24 hours, and reduce HUVEC proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion.

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and core antigen (HBcAg) combine CpG oligodeoxynucletides as a novel therapeutic vaccine for chronic hepatitis B infection.

Hepatitis B virus infection is a non-cytopathic hepatotropic virus which can lead to chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Traditional therapies fail to provide sustained control of viral replication and liver damage in most patients. As an alternative strategy, immunotherapeutic approaches have shown promising efficacy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients.

Synergistic effects of Endostar combined with β-elemene on malignant ascites in a mouse model.

To explore an effective combination therapy for malignant ascites, the therapeutic value of the combination of Endostar, a modified recombinant human endostatin, and β-elemene, an active component of a traditional Chinese herb, in an H22 mouse malignant ascites model was investigated. The optimal dose combination of Endostar and β-elemene was determined by evaluating the inhibition of ascites volume and increase in the survival rate of the mice. Other therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms were investigated under the optimal dose combination (8 mg/kg Endostar plus 100 mg/kg β-elemene).

Soluble expression of recombinant human CD137 ligand in Escherichia coli by co-expression of chaperones.

CD137 ligand (CD137L) is a member of the tumor-necrosis factor superfamily that binds CD137 to provide positive co-stimulatory signals for T cells activation. Co-stimulation through CD137/CD137L has become one of the promising approaches for cancer therapy. Previous reports have shown that CD137L expressed in Escherichia coli resulted in inclusion bodies or low yield.

Recombinant human CD137L for cancer immunotherapy: effects of different fusions and linkers on its activity.

Co-stimulatory molecules can be efficiently produced as a recombinant protein in E. coli with a large range of applications in the fields of immunotherapy. However, whether, different fusions that would affect their functions have rarely been analyzed.

Effect of medium-chain triglycerides on the release behavior of Endostar encapsulated PLGA microspheres.

The incomplete release of Endostar from PLGA microspheres was observed in our previous study. In the present study, we focused on the effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on the in vitro/in vivo release behavior of Endostar encapsulated PLGA microspheres, which were prepared by a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double-emulsion method with or without MCT. The in vitro accumulated release of Endostar from microspheres co-encapsulated with 30% MCT was found to be 79.

[Therapeutic features of endostar, a modified endostatin, on ascites tumor in mice].

Objective: To investigate the effect of endostar in controlling ascites tumor formation in mice.

Methods: Mouse models bearing ascites tumors were established via intraperitoneal injection of H22 and S180 cell lines. Eighty-eight ICR mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups, namely the control group (0.

Characterization of a monoPEG20000-Endostar.

In this study, we investigated the PEG attachment site of mono-PEGylated Endostar, a modified recombinant human endostatin approved in China for lung cancer. N-terminal site-directed mono-PEGylation of Endostar was accomplished using mPEG-propionaldehyde derivatives (Mw=20 kDa) under slightly acidic pH conditions (pH 5.5).

Sustained delivery of endostatin improves the efficacy of therapy in Lewis lung cancer model.

The purpose of this work was to develop an effective delivery system for antiangiogenic therapy. Endostatin was microencapsulated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres by using a w/o/o multiple emulsification-evaporation technique. Endostatin microspheres showed the encapsulation efficiency 100% with mean particle size about 25 microm.

Microspheres made by w/o/o emulsion method with reduced initial burst for long-term delivery of endostar, a novel recombinant human endostatin.

The purpose of this work is to design biodegradable Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres with low initial burst for sustained delivery of Endostar (a novel recombinant human endostatin) and investigate effects of PLGA molecular weight and composition on the release behavior of Endostar microspheres. Endostar microspheres were prepared by using novel w/o/o multiple emulsification-evaporation technique. Effects of polymer molecular weight and copolymer composition on particle properties and release behavior (in vitro and in vivo) have been reported.

3D-QSAR studies of boron-containing dipeptides as proteasome inhibitors with CoMFA and CoMSIA methods.

Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies were performed for a series of dipeptide boronate proteasome inhibitors using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) techniques. A training set containing 46 molecules served to establish the models. The optimum CoMFA and CoMSIA models obtained for the training set were all statistically significant with cross-validated coefficients (q(2)) of 0.

Doxycycline influences microcirculation patterns in B16 melanoma.

To examine the effects of doxycycline on invasion-related protein expression and proliferation of melanoma cells and to evaluate its effect on microcirculation patterns in melanoma, we injected murine melanoma B16 cell suspensions into the groin areas of C57BL/6 mice that were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. Eight days after tumor cell injection, we administered doxycycline intraperitoneally (ip) at a dose of 0.15 mg/g/day in the treatment group and administered a physiological saline solution to the control group.

Preparation and characterization of N-succinyl-N'-octyl chitosan micelles as doxorubicin carriers for effective anti-tumor activity.

N-Succinyl-N'-octyl chitosan (SOC) was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, (1)H NMR, WAXD and TG. An anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was incorporated into polymeric micelles forming by SOC in aqueous solutions. Critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of SOC were determined by fluorescence spectroscopy.

Farnesyltransferase pharmacophore model derived from diverse classes of inhibitors.

A three-dimensional pharmacophore model was developed based on 25 currently available inhibitors, which were carefully selected with great diversity in both molecular structure and bioactivity as required by HypoGen program in the Catalyst software, for discovering new farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors. The best hypothesis (Hypo1), consisting of four features, namely, two hydrogen-bond acceptors, one hydrophobic point, and one ring aromatic feature, has a correlation coefficient of 0.949, a root-mean-square deviation of 1.