Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Henagliflozin, a Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor, in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background And Objective: Henagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of the renal sodium glucose cotransporter-2, was developed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study characterized single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of henagliflozin in Chinese patients with T2DM.

Methods: Thirty T2DM patients were randomized in a 4:1 ratio to orally receive either henagliflozin 5, 10, 20 mg/day or placebo for 10 days, except on day 2 and day 3.

Thermal analysis of optical reference cavities for low sensitivity to environmental temperature fluctuations.

The temperature stability of optical reference cavities is significant in state-of-the-art ultra-stable narrow-linewidth laser systems. In this paper, the thermal time constant and thermal sensitivity of reference cavities are analyzed when reference cavities respond to environmental perturbations via heat transfer of thermal conduction and thermal radiation separately. The analysis as well as simulation results indicate that a reference cavity enclosed in multiple layers of thermal shields with larger mass, higher thermal capacity and lower emissivity is found to have a larger thermal time constant and thus a smaller sensitivity to environmental temperature perturbations.