The role of parents in the motivation of young athletes: a systematic review.

Objectives: Parents are one of the main social agents that shape young athletes' experiences and participation in sports, but they are also the least explored group in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of research on the role of parents in the motivation of young athletes.

Method: The systematic literature review consisted of four electronic databases from which 29 articles published in English and in full-text form in peer-reviewed journals between 1999 and 2023 were retrieved.

Singlet oxygen induces cell wall thickening and stomatal density reducing by transcriptome reprogramming.

Singlet oxygen (O) has a very short half-life of 10 s; however, it is a strong oxidant that causes growth arrest and necrotic lesions on plants. Its signaling pathway remains largely unknown. The Arabidopsis flu (fluorescent) mutant accumulates a high level of O and shows drastic changes in nuclear gene expression.

UV-B irradiation-activated E3 ligase GmILPA1 modulates gibberellin catabolism to increase plant height in soybean.

Plant height is a key agronomic trait that affects yield and is controlled by both phytohormone gibberellin (GA) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation. However, whether and how plant height is modulated by UV-B-mediated changes in GA metabolism are not well understood. It has not been reported that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is involved in the regulation of plant growth in response to environmental factors.

H2O2-dependent oxidation of the transcription factor GmNTL1 promotes salt tolerance in soybean.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in plant growth and responses to environmental stresses. Plant cells sense and transduce ROS signaling directly via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on protein cysteine residues. Here, we show that the H2O2-mediated cysteine oxidation of NAC WITH TRANS-MEMBRANE MOTIF1-LIKE 1 (GmNTL1) in soybean (Glycine max) during salt stress promotes its release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and translocation to the nucleus.

"Needed but lacked": Exploring demand- and supply-side determinants of access to cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for the lay public in China.

Background: Despite years of public cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training efforts, the training rate and survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have increased modestly in China. Access is imperative to increase the public CPR training rate, which is determined by both demand- (e.g.

Simultaneously Enhancing Exciton/Charge Transport in Organic Solar Cells by an Organoboron Additive.

Efficient exciton diffusion and charge transport play a vital role in advancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a facile strategy is presented to simultaneously enhance exciton/charge transport of the widely studied PM6:Y6-based OSCs by employing highly emissive trans-bis(dimesitylboron)stilbene (BBS) as a solid additive. BBS transforms the emissive sites from a more H-type aggregate into a more J-type aggregate, which benefits the resonance energy transfer for PM6 exciton diffusion and energy transfer from PM6 to Y6.

A Memristors-Based Dendritic Neuron for High-Efficiency Spatial-Temporal Information Processing.

Diverse microscopic ionic dynamics help mediate the ability of a biological neural network to handle complex tasks with low energy consumption. Thus, rich internal ionic dynamics in memristors based on transition metal oxide are expected to provide a unique and useful platform for implementing energy-efficient neuromorphic computing. To this end, a titanium oxide (TiO )-based interface-type dynamic memristor and an niobium oxide (NbO )-based Mott memristor are integrated as an artificial dendrite and spike-firing soma, respectively, to construct a dendritic neuron unit for realizing high-efficiency spatial-temporal information processing.

WinRoots: A High-Throughput Cultivation and Phenotyping System for Plant Phenomics Studies Under Soil Stress.

Soil stress, such as salinity, is a primary cause of global crop yield reduction. Existing crop phenotyping platforms cannot fully meet the specific needs of phenomics studies of plant response to soil stress in terms of throughput, environmental controllability, or root phenotypic acquisition. Here, we report the WinRoots, a low-cost and high-throughput plant soil cultivation and phenotyping system that can provide uniform, controlled soil stress conditions and accurately quantify the whole-plant phenome, including roots.

Vitamin E Is Superior to Vitamin C in Delaying Seedling Senescence and Improving Resistance in Arabidopsis Deficient in Macro-Elements.

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are three essential macro-elements for plant growth and development. Used to improve yield in agricultural production, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers often leads to increased production costs and ecological environmental pollution. Vitamins C and E are antioxidants that play an important role in alleviating abiotic stress.

A significant correlation between kinetics of nitrobenzene reduction by sulfide and electron transfer capacity of mediating dissolved humic substances.

Dissolved humic substances (DHS) are ubiquitous in surface and subsurface aquatic environments and greatly affect the redox transformation of organic contaminants as reactants and/or electron transfer mediators. However, little is known about the quantitative relationship between the mediation efficiency of DHS and the physicochemical properties of DHS. Using sulfide-induced nitrobenzene reduction as a model system, we measured the reduction rate of nitrobenzene in the presence of 12 different DHS (20 mgC·L), including 4 commercial humic substances (Suwannee River humic and fulvic acids and Pahokee Peat humic and fulvic acids) and 8 soil humic substances collected as leachates from a wide variety of soils.

Extension of cell membrane boosting squalene production in the engineered Escherichia coli.

Squalene is a lipophilic and non-volatile triterpene with many industrial applications for food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Metabolic engineering focused on optimization of the production pathway suffer from little success in improving titers because of a limited space of the cell membrane accommodating the lipophilic product. Extension of cell membrane would be a promising approach to overcome the storage limitation for successful production of squalene.

MYB94 and MYB96 additively inhibit callus formation via directly repressing LBD29 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Plant somatic cells can be reprogrammed during in vitro culture. Callus induction is the initial step of a typical plant regeneration system. Recent studies showed that auxin-induced callus formation in multiple organs occurs from the pericycle or pericycle-like cells via a root developmental pathway.

The salt-induced transcription factor GmMYB84 confers salinity tolerance in soybean.

Transcription factor activation and DNA methylation are important plant responses to abiotic stress. Here, we established that the salinity stress-induced expression of the soybean (Glycine max) transcription factor-encoding gene GmMYB84 relies on DNA methylation. The level of DNA methylation at sequences 690 nt to 950 nt upstream of the GmMYB84 transcription initiation codon was markedly reduced in plants exposed to salinity stress, resulting in a higher abundance of transcripts.

Comparing electron donating/accepting capacities (EDC/EAC) between crop residue-derived dissolved black carbon and standard humic substances.

Although dissolved black carbon (DBC) is an important component of dissolved organic matter (DOM), little is known about the electron transfer properties of DBC and their correlation with the structural properties. This study determined the electron donating/accepting capacities (EDC/EAC) of six DBC collected from water extracts of black carbon derived by pyrolyzing crop residues (soybean, wheat, rice, sorghum, peanut, and corn) using an electrochemical approach, along with their chemical and spectroscopic properties. The EDC of the tested DBC ranged from 2.

Nitric oxide regulates chlorophyllide biosynthesis and singlet oxygen generation differently between Arabidopsis and barley.

Nitric oxide (NO) has a general inhibitory effects on chlorophyll biosynthesis, especially to the step of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthesis and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide) conversion (responsible by the NADPH:Pchlide oxidoreductase POR). Previous study suggested that barley large POR aggregates may be generated by dithiol oxidation of cysteines of two POR monomers, which can be disconnected by some reducing agents. POR aggregate assembly may be correlated with seedling greening in barley, but not in Arabidopsis.

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on neurocognitive architecture and function in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Many clinical studies have indicated that obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), the most common chronic sleep disorder, may affect neurocognitive function, and that treatment for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has some neurocognitive protective effects against the adverse effects of OSA. However, the effects of CPAP treatment on neurocognitive architecture and function remain unclear. Therefore, this multicentre trial was designed to investigate whether and when neurocognitive architecture and function in patients with OSA can be improved by CPAP treatment and to explore the role of gut microbiota in improving neurocognitive function during treatment.

Effect of BBX-B8 overexpression on development, body weight, silk protein synthesis and egg diapause of Bombyx mori.

Bombyxin (BBX) is an insulin-like peptide exists in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Our previous studies on the effects of inhibiting BBX-B8 expression found that BBX-B8 is important for the development of organ, reproduction and trehalose metabolism in the silkworms. In this paper, we investigated the expression profile of the BBX-B8 gene and effect of BBX-B8 overexpression on the development, body weight, silk protein synthesis and egg diapause of B.

Benzannulation of indoles to carbazoles and its applications for syntheses of carbazole alkaloids.

A novel and efficient method for the benzannulation of indoles to carbazoles is reported. γ-Carbonyl tert-butylperoxide is applied as a new diene building block for the π-extension of simple indoles. The synthetic utility of this method is demonstrated by concise and selective total syntheses of naturally occurring carbazole alkaloids, olivacine, and asteropusazole A.

The rearrangement of tert-butylperoxides for the construction of polysubstituted furans.

The Brønsted acid catalyzed rearrangement of tert-butyl peroxides provides a new strategy to construct 2,3-disubstituted furans via 1,2-aryl migration. In addition, tert-butyl peroxides could also be transformed into 2,3,5-trisubstituted or 2,5-disubstituted furans through a sequence of base-catalyzed Kornblum-DelaMare rearrangements and acid-promoted Paal-Knorr reactions.

Direct benzothiophene formation via oxygen-triggered intermolecular cyclization of thiophenols and alkynes assisted by manganese/PhCOOH.

An intermolecular oxidative cyclization between thiophenols and alkynes for benzothiophene formation has been established. A variety of multifunctional benzothiophenes are synthesized. In addition, we demonstrated that the obtained benzothiophenes can be used for further transformation to give diverse benzothiophene derivatives efficiently and selectively.

Silkworms can be used as an animal model to screen and evaluate gouty therapeutic drugs.

In the past few decades, the mouse has been used as a mammalian model for hyperuricemia and gout, which has increased not only in prevalence, but also in clinical complexity, accentuated in part by a dearth of novel advances in treatments for hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis. However, the use of mice for the development of gouty therapeutic drugs creates a number of problems. Thus, identification and evaluation of the therapeutic effects of chemicals in an alternative animal model is desirable.

Characterization of the complete genome segments from BmCPV-SZ, a novel Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 isolate.

A novel Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 isolated from infected silkworm larvae and tentatively assigned as Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 isolate Suzhou (BmCPV-SZ). The complete nucleotide sequences of genomic segments S1-S10 from BmCPV-SZ were determined. All segments possessed a single open reading frame; however, bioinformatic evidence suggested a short overlapping coding sequence in S1.

Lowering the blood glucose of diabetes mellitus mice by oral administration with transgenic human insulin-like growth factor I silkworms.

To evaluate the biological activity of the posterior silk glands of transgenic silkworms expressing human insulin-like growth factor I (hIGF-I), we bred hIGF-I-transgenic silkworms through eight generations by continuously selecting with green fluorescence and G418. The G8 transgenic silkworms were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and dot blotting, and their posterior silk glands were removed from the fifth instar larvae to make freeze-dried powders. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that the expression level of hIGF-I in the posterior silk glands of G8 transgenic silkworm is approximately 493 ng/g of freeze-dried powder.