Microplastics in soils: Production, behavior process, impact on soil organisms, and related toxicity mechanisms.

In recent years, microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a hot ecological issue of global concern and MP pollution in soil is becoming increasingly serious. Studies have shown that MPs have adverse effects on soil biology and ecological functions. Although MPs are evident in soils, identifying their source, abundance, and types is difficult because of the complexity and variability of soil components.

Toxic effects of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) on the surface of tire wear particles on freshwater biofilms: The alleviating role after sewage-incubation-aging.

The aquatic ecological risks posed by the surface-active components of tire wear particles (TWPs) are not fully understood. This study aimed to determine the acute (24 h exposure) aquatic toxicity effects of TWPs on freshwater biofilms in terms of total organic carbon (TOC), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) abundance, quantum yield (ФM), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Three types of TWP were tested: TWPs produced via the typical wear of tires and roads (i.

Tire wear particles in different water environments: occurrence, behavior, and biological effects-a review and perspectives.

As an important source of microplastics, the water ecological risk of tire wear particles (TWPs) has attracted widespread attention worldwide. However, the occurrence and behavior of TWPs and their biological effects in water environments have not been clearly analyzed. For example, most contemporary studies have focused on the evaluation of the aquatic toxicity of TWPs leachate, and little attention has been paid to the behavior process and potential risks of its surface properties in water environments.

Effects of tire wear particles with and without photoaging on anaerobic biofilm sulfide production in sewers and related mechanisms.

Tire wear particles (TWPs) are considered to be one of the major sources of microplastics (MPs) in sewers; however, little has been reported on the surface properties and photochemical behavior of TWPs, especially in terms of their environmental persistent radicals, leachate type, and response after photoaging. It is also unknown how TWPs influence the production of common pollutants (e.g.

A review on the generation, discharge, distribution, environmental behavior, and toxicity (especially to microbial aggregates) of nano-TiO in sewage and surface-water and related research prospects.

This article reviews the nano-effects and applications of different crystalline nano‑titanium dioxide (nano-TiO), identifies their discharge, distribution, behavior, and toxicity to aquatic organisms (focusing on microbial aggregates) in sewage and surface-water, summarizes related toxicity mechanisms, and critically proposes future perspectives. The results show that: 1) based on crystal type, application boundaries of nano-TiO have become clear, extending from traditional manufacturing to high-tech fields; 2) concentration of nano-TiO in water is as high as hundreds of thousands of μg/L (sewage) or several to dozens of μg/L (surface-water) due to direct application or indirect release; 3) water environmental behaviors of nano-TiO are mainly controlled by hydration conditions and particle characteristics; 4) aquatic toxicities of nano-TiO are closely related to their water environmental behavior, in which crystal type and tested species (such as single species and microbial aggregates) also play the key role. Going forward, the exploration of the toxicity mechanism will surely become a hot topic in the aquatic-toxicology of nano-TiO, because most of the research so far has focused on the responses of biological indicators (such as metabolism and damage), while little is known about the stress imprint caused by the crystal structures of nano-TiO in water environments.