Differences in choroidal responses to near work between myopic children and young adults.

Background: Near work is generally considered as a risk factor for myopia onset and progression. This study aimed to investigate the choroidal responses to a brief-period of near work in children and young adults.

Methods: Thirty myopic medical students (aged 18-28 years) and 30 myopic children (aged 8-12 years) participated in this study.

Potential applications of JAK inhibitors, clinically approved drugs against autoimmune diseases, in cancer therapy.

Disturbances in immunoregulation may lead to both cancer and autoimmune diseases. Many therapeutic drugs for autoimmune diseases also display anti-tumor efficacy. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways are involved in the secretion of more than 50 distinct cytokines, which have critical roles in inducing autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis.

Augmentation of scleral glycolysis promotes myopia through histone lactylation.

Myopia is characterized of maladaptive increases in scleral fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT). Scleral hypoxia is a significant factor contributing to myopia, but how hypoxia induces myopia is poorly understood. Here, we showed that myopia in mice and guinea pigs was associated with hypoxia-induced increases in key glycolytic enzymes expression and lactate levels in the sclera.

Novel fusion protein PK5-RL-Gal-3C inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma via anti-angiogenesis and cytotoxicity.

Background: Galectin-3 (Gal-3), the only chimeric β-galactosides-binding lectin, consists of Gal-3N (N-terminal regulatory peptide) and Gal-3C (C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain). Interestingly, Gal-3C could specifically inhibit endogenous full-length Gal-3 to exhibit anti-tumor activity. Here, we aimed to further improve the anti-tumor activity of Gal-3C via developing novel fusion proteins.

Docetaxel enhances the therapeutic efficacy of PSMA-specific CAR-T cells against prostate cancer models by suppressing MDSCs.

Purpose: Prostate cancer can undergo curative effects by radical prostatectomy or radical radiotherapy. However, the best treatment for more aggressive high-risk prostate cancer remains controversial. Insufficient infiltration capacity and dysfunction are commonly occurrences in engineered T lymphocytes expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T), characterizing cancer immunotherapy failure.

Lenvatinib enhances T cell immunity and the efficacy of adoptive chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells by decreasing myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer.

Background: Lenvatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of several cancers. However, its regulatory activity and related mechanisms on T cell antitumour immunity need to be further investigated.

Methods: The antitumour activity of lenvatinib in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice was compared to determine the role of T cell immunity.

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Cabozantinib Inhibits Murine Renal Cancer by Activating Innate and Adaptive Immunity.

Background: Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a very dismal prognosis. Cabozantinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of advanced RCC. However, the impact of cabozantinib on the immune microenvironment of RCC remains poorly understood.

Akt inhibition at the initial stage of CAR-T preparation enhances the CAR-positive expression rate, memory phenotype and in vivo efficacy.

The adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells is a novel cancer treatment that has led to encouraging breakthroughs in the treatment of haematological malignancies. The efficacy of infused CAR-T cells is associated with a high CAR-positive expression rate, a strong proliferative response and the persistence of CAR-T cells in vivo. Manufacturing CAR-T cells is a process usually associated with the decreased CAR-positive expression rate and terminal differentiation of the infused CAR-T cells, which causes decreased proliferation and persistence of CAR-T cells in vivo.