Efficient nitrogen removal by heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification yeast Candida boidinii L21: Performance, pathway and application.

Efficient nitrogen removal yeasts are rarely encountered. Here, a heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification strain of Candida boidinii L21 was isolated. The optimal removal conditions for strain L21 were glucose as carbon source, C/N of 15, salinity of 10 ppt, pH of 7, shaking speed of 120 rpm, and temperature of 30 °C.

Transcription factor Twist1 drives fibroblast activation to promote kidney fibrosis via signaling proteins Prrx1/TNC.

The transcription factor Twist1 plays a vital role in normal development in many tissue systems and continues to be important throughout life. However, inappropriate Twist1 activity has been associated with kidney injury and fibrosis, though the underlying mechanisms involved remain incomplete. Here, we explored the role of Twist1 in regulating fibroblast behaviors and the development kidney fibrosis.

Trivalent manganese in dissolved forms: Occurrence, speciation, reactivity and environmental geochemical impact.

The cycling processes of elemental manganese (Mn), including the redox reactions of dissolved Mn(III) (dMn(III)), directly and indirectly influences the biogeochemical processes of many elements. Though increasing evidence indicates the widespread presence of dMn(III) mediates the fate of many elements, its role may be currently underestimated. There is both a lack of clear understanding of the historical research framework of dMn(III) and a systematic overview of its geochemical properties and detection methods.

Prediction of Pre-Loading Relaxation of Bolt Structure of Complex Equipment under Tangential Cyclic Load.

Bolts have the advantages of simple installation and easy removal. They are widely applied in aerospace and high-speed railway traffic. However, the loosening of bolts under mixed loads can lead to nonlinear decreases in pre-loading.

Novel anti-inflammatory effects of the IL-1 receptor in kidney myeloid cells following ischemic AKI.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common causes of organ failure in critically ill patients. Following AKI, the canonical pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is released predominantly from activated myeloid cells and binds to the interleukin-1 receptor R1 (IL-1R1) on leukocytes and kidney parenchymal cells. IL-1R1 on kidney tubular cells is known to amplify the immune response and exacerbate AKI.

A new modular framework for high-level application development at HEPS.

As a representative of the fourth-generation light sources, the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) in Beijing, China, utilizes a multi-bend achromat lattice to obtain an approximately 100 times emittance reduction compared with third-generation light sources. New technologies bring new challenges to operate the storage ring. In order to meet the beam commissioning requirements of HEPS, a new framework for the development of high-level applications (HLAs) has been created.

TNF- α from the Proximal Nephron Exacerbates Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy.

Key Points: Proximal tubular TNF aggravates kidney injury and fibrogenesis in aristolochic acid nephropathy. Tubular TNF disrupts the cell cycle in injured tubular epithelial cells. TNF-mediated toxic renal injury is independent of systemic immune responses.

Confidence in dementia care and care approach toward dementia among the nursing staff in long-term care facilities in China: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Confidence and appropriate care approach toward dementia among nursing staff (nurses and care assistants) are crucial manifestations of competency to deal with the complexity of dementia care in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the confidence in dementia care and care approach among nursing staff in LTCFs in mainland China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was utilized in LTCFs in Shandong Province, mainland China.

Divergent Actions of Renal Tubular and Endothelial Type 1 IL-1 Receptor Signaling in Toxin-Induced AKI.

Significance Statement: Activation of the type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) triggers a critical innate immune signaling cascade that contributes to the pathogenesis of AKI. However, blockade of IL-1 signaling in AKI has not consistently demonstrated kidney protection. The current murine experiments show that IL-1R1 activation in the proximal tubule exacerbates toxin-induced AKI and cell death through local suppression of apolipoprotein M.

Arsenopyrite dissolution in circumneutral oxic environments: The effect of pyrophosphate and dissolved Mn(III).

The oxidative dissolution of As from arsenopyrite, one important arsenic mineral in reducing conditions, poses an environmental hazard to natural aquatic systems. The dissolution of arsenopyrite occurs slowly due to the surface precipitates of iron oxides in circumneutral oxic environments. However, the presence of natural ligands and coexisting metals may change the release of Fe species, which would be of critical importance to the dissolution of arsenopyrite.

A macrophage-endothelial immunoregulatory axis ameliorates septic acute kidney injury.

The most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients is sepsis. Kidney macrophages consist of both F4/80 and CD11b cells. The role of macrophage subpopulations in septic AKI pathogenesis remains unclear.

Actions of Dendritic Cells in the Kidney during Hypertension.

The immune response plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and immune cell populations can promote blood pressure elevation via actions in the kidney. Among these cell lineages, dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells, play a central role in regulating immune response during hypertension and kidney disease. DCs have different subtypes, and renal DCs are comprised of the CD103 CD11b and CD103 CD11b subsets.

The Immune System in Hypertension: a Lost Shaker of Salt 2021 Lewis K. Dahl Memorial Lecture.

The seminal observations of Dr Lewis Dahl regarding renal mechanisms of hypertension remain highly relevant in light of more recent experiments showing that immune system dysfunction contributes to hypertension pathogenesis. Dr Dahl established that inappropriate salt retention in the kidney plays a central role via Ohm's Law in permitting blood pressure elevation. Nevertheless, inflammatory cytokines whose expression is induced in the early stages of hypertension can alter renal blood flow and sodium transporter expression and activity to foster renal sodium retention.

A rat model of acute kidney injury caused by multiple subcutaneous injections of Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarina Smith) venom.

A model of acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by multiple subcutaneous injections of Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarina Smith) venom was developed in male Wistar rats. The rats were injected subcutaneously at multiple sites in the dorsal region with a total venom dose of 5 mg/kg. Blood samples were obtained 8, 24 and 48 h after venom injection for the quantification of various biochemical parameters and assessment of renal function.

Type 1 Angiotensin Receptors on CD11c-Expressing Cells Protect Against Hypertension by Regulating Dendritic Cell-Mediated T Cell Activation.

Background: Type 1 angiotensin (AT) receptors are expressed on immune cells, and we previously found that bone marrow-derived AT receptors protect against Ang (angiotensin) II-induced hypertension. CD11c is expressed on myeloid cells derived from the bone marrow, including dendritic cells (DCs) that activate T lymphocytes. Here, we examined the role of AT receptors on CD11c cells in hypertension pathogenesis.

Twist1 in T Lymphocytes Augments Kidney Fibrosis after Ureteral Obstruction.

Background: Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix domain-containing transcription factor that participates in diverse cellular functions, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the cellular immune response. Although Twist1 plays critical roles in the initiation and progression of kidney diseases, the effects of Twist1 in the T lymphocyte on the progression of renal fibrosis require elucidation.

Methods: 129/SvEv mice with a floxed allele for the gene encoding Twist1 or TNF were bred with CD4-Cre mice to yield CD4-Cre Twist1 (Twist1-TKO) or CD4-Cre TNF (TNF-TKO) mice with robust, but selective, deletion of Twist1 or TNF mRNA in T cells, respectively.

IL-1 receptor signaling in podocytes limits susceptibility to glomerular damage.

Interleukin (IL)-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) activation triggers a proinflammatory signaling cascade that can exacerbate kidney injury. However, the functions of podocyte IL-1R1 in glomerular disease remain unclear. To study the role of IL-1R1 signaling in podocytes, we selectively ablated podocyte IL-1R1 in mice (PKO mice).

A retrospective cohort study comparing high and low balloon inflation pressure on technical success and patency for treating central venous lesions in patients on chronic hemodialysis.

Background: We aimed to analyze the success rates and the access patency rates at 12 months between patients on chronic hemodialysis with symptomatic central venous stenosis (CVS) or occlusion (CVO), receiving high or low balloon inflation pressure for treatment.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study in which angioplasty balloons were inflated using a low-pressure or a high-pressure for the management of hemodialysis patients with CVS/CVO. The outcomes of this study were the success rate and the access patency rates at 12 months after balloon angioplasty, and the differences between groups were compared.

Twist1 in podocytes ameliorates podocyte injury and proteinuria by limiting CCL2-dependent macrophage infiltration.

The transcription factor Twist1 regulates several processes that could impact kidney disease progression, including epithelial cell differentiation and inflammatory cytokine induction. Podocytes are specialized epithelia that exhibit features of immune cells and could therefore mediate unique effects of Twist1 on glomerular disease. To study Twist1 functions in podocytes during proteinuric kidney disease, we employed a conditional mutant mouse in which Twist1 was selectively ablated in podocytes (Twist1-PKO).

The Association between Changes in Low Parathyroid Hormone Levels and Cardiac Function Decline in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective Observational Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between changes in low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and cardiac function decline in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

Methods: A total of 150 MHD patients were included and followed for 24 months. The enrolled patients were divided into 3 groups based on their PTH status at baseline and 24 months.

Soluble (pro)renin receptor induces endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in mice with diet-induced obesity via activation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor.

Until now, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) hyperactivity was largely thought to result from angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent stimulation of the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R). Here we assessed the role of soluble (pro)renin receptor (sPRR), a product of site-1 protease-mediated cleavage of (pro)renin receptor (PRR), as a possible ligand of the AT1R in mediating: (i) endothelial cell dysfunction in vitro and (ii) arterial dysfunction in mice with diet-induced obesity. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with a recombinant histidine-tagged sPRR (sPRR-His) exhibited IκBα degradation concurrent with NF-κB p65 activation.

Role of collectin-11 in innate defence against uropathogenic infection.

Classical collectins (surfactant protein A and D) play a significant role in innate immunity and host defence in uropathogenic (UPEC)-induced urinary tract infection (UTI). However, the functions of collectin-11 (CL-11) with respect to UPEC and UTI remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CL-11 on UPEC and its role in UTI.

COX-2-independent activation of renal (pro)renin receptor contributes to DOCA-salt hypertension in rats.

It has been shown that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-dependent activation of renal (pro)renin receptor (PRR) contributes to angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension. However, less is known about the involvement of this mechanism in ANG II-independent hypertension. The goal of the present study was to test whether or not COX-2-dependent upregulation of PRR serves as a universal mechanism contributing to ANG II-dependent and -independent hypertension.

Actions of immune cells in the hypertensive kidney.

Purpose Of Review: Inflammatory processes play a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Innate and adaptive immune responses participate in blood pressure (BP) elevation and end-organ damage. In this review, we discuss recent studies illustrating mechanisms through which immune cells and cytokines regulate BP via their actions in the kidney.

C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 7 Exacerbates Hypertension Through Effects on T Lymphocyte Trafficking.

Activated T lymphocytes that infiltrate blood pressure control organs make a critical contribution to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Dendritic cells act as potent antigen-presenting cells to stimulate prohypertensive T cells. However, the mechanisms that facilitate the recruitment of prohypertensive T cells and dendritic cells into the kidney's draining lymph node during hypertension require elucidation.