Cartilage Injury Repair by Human Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly/Hydrogel Combined with Chondrocyte.

There is still a lack of effective treatments for cartilage damage. Cartilage tissue engineering could be a promising treatment method. Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (HUCWJ) and hydrogels have received wide attention as a scaffold for tissue engineering.

and Study on an Injectable Glycol Chitosan/Dibenzaldehyde-Terminated Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogel in Repairing Articular Cartilage Defects.

The normal anatomical structure of articular cartilage determines its limited ability to regenerate and repair. Once damaged, it is difficult to repair it by itself. How to realize the regeneration and repair of articular cartilage has always been a big problem for clinicians and researchers.

Enrichment of CD146 Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Combination with Articular Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Scaffold Promotes Cartilage Regeneration.

Heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) influences the cell therapy outcome and the application in tissue engineering. Also, the application of subpopulations of MSCs in cartilage regeneration remains poorly characterized. CD146+ MSCs are identified as the natural ancestors of MSCs and the expression of CD146 are indicative of greater pluripotency and self-renewal potential.

Extracellular matrix derived by human umbilical cord-deposited mesenchymal stem cells accelerates chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation potential in vitro.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and intricate three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment with excellent biophysical, biomechanical, and biochemical properties that may directly or indirectly regulate cell behavior, including proliferation, adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Compared with tissue-derived ECM, cell-derived ECM potentially has more advantages, including less potential for pathogen transfer, fewer inflammatory or anti-host immune responses, and a closer resemblance to the native ECM microenvironment. Different types of cell-derived ECM, such as adipose stem cells, synovium-derived stem cells and bone marrow stromal cells, their effects on articular chondrocytes which have been researched.

Bone Marrow- and Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Characterization, Differentiation, and Applications in Cartilage Tissue Engineering.

Articular cartilage defects have very limited self-repair potential, and traditional bone marrow-stimulating therapy is not effective. Cartilage tissue engineering using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) is considered an attractive treatment for cartilage lesions and osteoarthritis. However, studies proved that both BMSCs and ADSCs have their own advantages and shortcomings, including their sources, isolation methods, characterizations and differentiation potential.

Biomechanical Stimulus Based Strategies for Meniscus Tissue Engineering and Regeneration.

Meniscus injuries are very common in the knee joint. Treating a damaged meniscus continues to be a scientific challenge in sport medicine because of its poor self-healing potential and few clinical therapeutic options. Tissue engineering strategies are very promising solutions for repairing and regenerating a damaged meniscus.

An electrospun fiber reinforced scaffold promotes total meniscus regeneration in rabbit meniscectomy model.

Unlabelled: Low vascularization in meniscus limits its regeneration ability after injury, and tissue engineering is the most promising method to achieve meniscus regeneration. In this study, we fabricated a kind of composite scaffold by decellularized meniscus extracellular matrix/polycaprolactone (DMECM/PCL) electrospinning fibers and porous DMECM, in which DMECM/PCL fibers were used as reinforcing component. The tensile modulus of the composite scaffold in longitudinal and crosswise directions were 8.

Biochemical Stimulus-Based Strategies for Meniscus Tissue Engineering and Regeneration.

Meniscus injuries are very common and still pose a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. Meniscus injuries in the inner two-thirds of the meniscus remain incurable. Tissue-engineered meniscus strategies seem to offer a new approach for treating meniscus injuries with a combination of seed cells, scaffolds, and biochemical or biomechanical stimulation.

Native tissue-based strategies for meniscus repair and regeneration.

Meniscus injuries appear to be becoming increasingly common and pose a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. However, there is no curative approach for dealing with defects in the inner meniscus region due to its avascular nature. Numerous strategies have been applied to regenerate and repair meniscus defects and native tissue-based strategies have received much attention.

Tissue-derived scaffolds and cells for articular cartilage tissue engineering: characteristics, applications and progress.

There are many factors to consider in the field of tissue engineering. For articular cartilage repair, this includes seed cells, scaffolds and chondrotrophic hormones. This review primarily focuses on the seed cells and scaffolds.

The application of electrospinning used in meniscus tissue engineering.

Meniscus is a fibrocartilaginous organ to redistribute stress and enhance the stability of knee joint. Meniscus injury is common and still a formidable challenge to orthopedic surgeons. Surgical techniques and allograft transplantation were primary approaches to meniscus repair, but with intrinsic limitations in clinical practice.

Applications of stem cell-derived exosomes in tissue engineering and neurological diseases.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30-100 nm that are key for intercellular communication. Almost all types of cell, including dendritic cells, T cells, mast cells, epithelial cells, neuronal cells, adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and platelets, can release exosomes. Exosomes are present in human body fluids, such as urine, amniotic fluid, malignant ascites, synovial fluid, breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid, semen, saliva, and blood.

Quantitative Evaluation of Denervated Muscle Atrophy with Shear Wave Ultrasound Elastography and a Comparison with the Histopathologic Parameters in an Animal Model.

This study explored the efficacy of shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWUE) for quantitative evaluation of denervated muscle atrophy in a rabbit model. The elastic modulus of the triceps surae muscle was measured with SWUE and compared with histopathologic parameters at baseline and at various post-denervation times (2, 4 and 8 wk) with 10 animals in each group. Our results revealed that the elastic modulus of denervated muscle was significantly lower at 2 wk but higher at 8 wk compared with that at the baseline (p <0.