The Effect of Erythromycin in Macrolide-Resistant Bordetella pertussis: Inhibitory Effect on Growth, Toxin Expression, and Virulence.

Introduction: The macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBp) has appeared in Asia and has even been prevalent in China. Since the antibiotic sensitivity test is not carried out in the clinical setting, macrolide is still the first choice of antibiotic in MRBp infection. Further, the macrolide therapy for pertussis needs to be revised.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of severe COVID-19 in hospitalized neonates with omicron variant infection: a retrospective study.

Background: Reports on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in neonates are limited, especially in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) Omicron variant. This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics and identify risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 in neonates infected with Omicron variant.

Methods: The study population was represented by neonates with COVID-19, who were admitted to The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University in northwest China, from December 10, 2022 to January 20, 2023.

Neurological manifestations and risk factors associated with poor prognosis in hospitalized children with Omicron variant infection.

There are increasing reports of neurological manifestation in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the frequency and clinical outcomes of in hospitalized children infected with the Omicron variant are unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, neurological manifestations, and risk factor associated with poor prognosis of hospitalized children suffering from COVID-19 due to the Omicron variant.

Machine learning versus multivariate logistic regression for predicting severe COVID-19 in hospitalized children with Omicron variant infection.

With the emergence of the Omicron variant, the number of pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases requiring hospitalization and developing severe or critical illness has significantly increased. Machine learning and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to predict risk factors and develop prognostic models for severe COVID-19 in hospitalized children with the Omicron variant in this study. Of the 544 hospitalized children including 243 and 301 in the mild and severe groups, respectively.

Orchestrated regulation of immune inflammation with cell therapy in pediatric acute liver injury.

Acute liver injury (ALI) in children, which commonly leads to acute liver failure (ALF) with the need for liver transplantation, is a devastating life-threatening condition. As the orchestrated regulation of immune hemostasis in the liver is essential for resolving excess inflammation and promoting liver repair in a timely manner, in this study we focused on the immune inflammation and regulation with the functional involvement of both innate and adaptive immune cells in acute liver injury progression. In the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, it was also important to incorporate insights from the immunological perspective for the hepatic involvement with SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the acute severe hepatitis of unknown origin in children since it was first reported in March 2022.

Evaluation of serum anti-pertussis toxin IgA antibodies for the diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infection in young children.

Background: The determination of serum anti-pertussis toxin (PT) IgG antibodies is recommended for the diagnosis and surveillance of pertussis. However, the diagnostic power of anti-PT IgG can be hampered by possible interference from previous vaccinations. We aim to assess if anti-PT IgA antibodies can be well induced by Bordetella pertussis (B.

[Analysis of clinical phenotypes and ATP7B gene variants in 75 children patients with Wilson' s disease].

Objective: To analyze the clinical phenotypes and ATP7B gene variants among children patients with Wilson' s disease from Northwestern China.

Methods: The clinical features and variants of the ATP7B gene among 75 children with hepatic Wilson' s disease were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: Among the 75 cases, 4 were presymptomatic, 59 had isolated transaminase elevation, 12 had acute and/or chronic liver diseases.

[Analysis of a novel JAG1 variant and clinical phenotype in a family affected with Alagille syndrome].

Objective: To explore the genetic basis of a pedigree affected with Alagille syndrome (ALGS).

Methods: Targeted capture and next generation sequencing was carried out for the proband. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing among his family members.

[A clinical study of influenza A virus infection with neurological symptoms in children].

Objective: To study the clinical features of children with influenza A virus infection and neurological symptoms.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of children with laboratory-confirmed influenza A and neurological symptoms who were treated in Xi'an Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University from January to December, 2019.

Results: A total of 895 children were diagnosed with influenza A, among whom 291 had neurological symptoms.

Determination of serum neutralizing antibodies reveals important difference in quality of antibodies against pertussis toxin in children after infection.

Objectives: To determine neutralizing antibodies to pertussis toxin (PTNAs) in children with suspected pertussis and to compare results of PTNAs and anti-PT IgG antibodies.

Methods: 172 hospitalized children with suspected pertussis were included. Pertussis was confirmed by culture, PCR and/or serology.

The global prevalence ptxP3 lineage of Bordetella pertussis was rare in young children with the co-purified aPV vaccination: a 5 years retrospective study.

Background: The global prevalent ptxP3 strains varies from about 10% to about 50% of circulating B. pertussis population in different areas of China.

Methods: To investigate the difference of vaccination status between different genotypes in the circulating B.

Genomic epidemiology of erythromycin-resistant Bordetella pertussis in China.

Macrolides such as erythromycin are the empirical treatment of Bordetella pertussis infections. China has experienced an increase in erythromycin-resistant B. pertussis isolates since they were first reported in 2013.

Design and validation of a noninvasive diagnostic criteria for biliary atresia in infants based on the STROBE compliant.

It is difficult for clinicians to distinguish biliary atresia (BA) from other causes of neonatal cholestasis (NC) at an early stage. The aim of this study was to design and validate noninvasive diagnostic criterion for early diagnosis of BA in infants.In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 482 medical records of patients with NC were recruited to design diagnostic criteria.

Pertussis Outbreak in a Primary School in China: Infection and Transmission of the Macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis.

Background: A pertussis outbreak was studied in a primary school in Xi'an, China, in March 2016. The school consisted of 536 pupils 6-12 years of age who were divided into 12 classes of 6 grades (2 classes for each grade). The identified index case was an 11-year-old girl at class 2 of grade 5.

MicroRNA-378 regulates neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro by modulating Tailless expression.

Previous studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and differentiation. However, the precise role of miRNAs in NSC remains largely unexplored. In this study, we showed that miR-378 can target Tailless (TLX), a critical regulator of NSC, to regulate NSC proliferation and differentiation.

[Recognizing the vaccination strategy of pertussis according to the family aggregation feature of transmission].

Objective: To understand the age distribution of pertussis patients admitted in the children hospital and to analyze the source of infection as well as its transmission patterns.

Methods: Patients visiting to the Children Hospital and epidemiologically related cases during Feb. 2012 to Aug.

[Comparative studies on different methods for laboratory diagnosis of pertussis].

Objective: To confirm the clinically suspected pertussis cases(<1 years old) through laboratory methods.

Methods: From December, 2011 to December, 2012, patients with clinically suspected pertussis from Xi'an Children's Hospital were sampled, with their nasopharyngeal swabs collected, blood samples cultured and pertussis toxin IgG detected by PCR.

Results: were analyzed, using SPSS 16.