Three-dimensional zone of the centers of resistance of the mandibular incisors and canines: A novel approach by finite element analysis.

Objectives: The distribution and size of the zone of the centres of resistance (ZCR) are critical for accurate orthodontic treatments and minimizing unexpected tooth movements. However, this information remains unclear for mandibular incisors and canines. This study aims to address these gaps in knowledge.

Analysis of prefabricated myofunctional appliances with different overjet and bumper designs: a three-dimensional finite element analysis.

Background: Prefabricated myofunctional appliance can guide tooth eruption, improve dentition alignment, correct myofunctional disorders and harmful oral habits. However, its application to skeletal discrepancy may result in unsatisfactory tooth inclination. This study aimed to construct a novel appliance with overjet design to avoid this side effect and investigated its shape and mechanical changes under occlusion using three-dimensional finite element method.

'Invisible' orthodontics by polymeric 'clear' aligners molded on 3D-printed personalized dental models.

The malalignment of teeth is treated classically by metal braces with alloy wires, which has an unfavorable influence on the patients appearance during the treatment. With the development of digitization, computer simulation and three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, herein, a modern treatment was tried using clear polymeric aligners, which were fabricated by molding polyurethane films via thermoforming on the 3D-printed personalized dental models. The key parameters of photocurable 3D printing of dental models and the mechanical properties of the clear aligner film material were examined.

MEF/KSF-conditioned culture medium: An effective method for culture of mouse dermal papilla cells with osteogenic differentiation potential.

Hair follicle stem cells are pluripotent and have a self-renewal capacity and multi-differentiation potential . As hair follicle stem cells can be easily sampled from the skin and hair of clinical patients at a considerable quantity, these cells have potential applications in wound repair and skin tissue engineering. Effective approaches for the culture and amplification of mouse hair follicle stem cells, as well as the osteogenic differentiation potential and cell source when obtaining mouse-separated cells were examined.

[Experimental study on the effect of tooth movement with thin and thick aligners in rabbits].

Purpose: To explore the effect of tooth movement on lower incisors of rabbits with thin and thick aligners.

Methods: A group of 6 male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups, the experimental group(n=3) was designed to move the lower incisors distally by 3 steps with thin and thick aligners(0.625 and 0.

[Finite element analysis of clear aligners in extractive cases].

Purpose: This study analysed the mechanical features of the extraction space closure in clear aligners through mechanical research.

Methods: A patient with four first premolars extraction was chosen as sample, and four plans with clear aligners for space closure were designed, including anterior retraction entirely, anterior retraction dispersedly, posterior movement mesially and posterior movement dispersedly. Finite element analysis was performed separately.

The changing model of big pharma: impact of key trends.

Recent years have seen exciting breakthroughs in biomedical sciences that are producing truly novel therapeutics for unmet patient needs. However, the pharmaceutical industry is also facing significant barriers in the form of pricing and reimbursement, continued patent expirations and challenging market dynamics. In this article, we have analyzed data from the 1995-2015 period, on key aspects such as revenue distribution, research units, portfolio mix and emerging markets to identify four key trends that help to understand the change in strategic focus, realignment of R&D footprint, the shift from primary care toward specialty drugs and biologics and the growth of emerging markets as major revenue drivers for big pharma.

Asymmetric maxillary protraction for unilateral cleft lip and palate patients using finite element analysis.

Objective: Unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients frequently present with an asymmetry in the nasomaxillary complex and a maxillary hypoplasia. The aim of this study was to investigate biomechanic effects of asymmetric maxillary protraction in UCLP patients using finite element method.

Methods: A finite element model of a UCLP patient's skull was generated using data from spiral computed tomographic scans.

Biomechanical effects on maxillary protraction of the craniofacial skeleton with cleft lip and palate after alveolar bone graft.

Objective: To explore the biomechanical effects of maxillary protraction on the craniofacial skeleton in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) after alveolar bone graft (ABG) and resorption of ABG, thus to provide theoretical basis for the clinical application of maxillary protraction, which can improve the facial deformity of the UCLP patients.

Methods: A finite element model of a UCLP patient's skull was generated using data from spiral computed tomographic (CT) scans. Based on this finite element model, another 6 ABG finite element models were constructed to simulate ABG and resorption of ABG, respectively (nonresorption model, upper one-third resorption of the grafted bone model, upper two-thirds resorption of the grafted bone model, lower one-third resorption of the grafted bone model, lower two-thirds resorption of the grafted bone model, upper one-third and lower one-third resorption of the grafted bone model).

[Maxillary protraction with and without maxillary expansion on unilateral cleft lip and palate model: a finite element analysis].

Purpose: The aim of this finite element study was to investigate biomechanical effects of maxillary protraction with and without maxillary expansion on unilateral cleft lip and palate(UCLP)model before and after alveolar bone graft (ABG).

Methods: Orthopedic force (30° downward and forward to the occlusal plane, 5N/side) with expansion and without expansion were loaded on models before ABG, and after ABG respectively. Initial displacement and sutural stress were analyzed by using ANSYS12.

Impact of rapid maxillary expansion in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients after secondary alveolar bone grafting: review and case report.

The purpose of this article was to analyze the effects and short-term stability of rapid maxillary expansion performed after secondary alveolar bone grafting in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients. Two UCLP patients with severe maxillary constriction who had previous bone grafting were involved in this study. A hyrax rapid expansion appliance was placed on 4 abutment teeth and activated twice daily.

[The reliability and accuracy of the digital models reconstructed by cone-beam computed tomography].

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of the digital models scanned by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: Forty plaster models of patients with orthodontic treatment were selected. These plaster models were scanned and measured by 3DX cone beam CT, compared with manual measurement via concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and mean difference (MD).

[The effectiveness of asymmetric extraction in treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusions].

Purpose: To analyze hard and soft tissue profile changes before and after asymmetric extraction treatment of Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion.

Methods: Thirty patients of Angle Class II division 1 malocclusions (11 males, 19 females, average age 13.6 years) were divided into two groups according to their extraction approach.

The association between lower incisal inclination and morphology of the supporting alveolar bone--a cone-beam CT study.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between the positioning of the lower central incisor and physical morphology of the surrounding alveolar bone.

Methodology: Thirty-eight patients (18 males, 20 females), with mean age of 13.4 years, were included in this study.

[Sagital position of glenoid fossa in Angle Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrusion].

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the morphology and position of the glenoid fossa in patients with Class II malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion and Class I malocclusion in the permanent dentition.

Methods: A sample of 26 subjects(12 males, 14 females, average age 13.4 years) with skeletal and dental Class II malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion, was compared with a matched group of 31 subjects(12 males, 19 females, aged 12.

Transferrin receptor-targeted lipid nanoparticles for delivery of an antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide against Bcl-2.

Antisense oligonucleotide G3139-mediated down-regulation of Bcl-2 is a potential strategy for overcoming chemoresistance in leukemia. However, the limited efficacy shown in recent clinical trials calls attention to the need for further development of novel and more efficient delivery systems. In order to address this issue, transferrin receptor (TfR)-targeted, protamine-containing lipid nanoparticles (Tf-LNs) were synthesized as delivery vehicles for G3139.

Antitumor activity of G3139 lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).

G3139, an antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) against Bcl-2, contains two CpG dinucleotides and has shown immunostimulatory activities in preclinical studies. It has been suggested that immunoactivation, rather than antisense activity, is primarily responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of G3139. Nanoparticle formulations naturally target phagocytic antigen presenting cells and therefore might enhance the immunological effects of G3139.

[Diagnostic value of dental implants in the posterior maxilla using cone beam computed tomography].

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic value of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with orthpantomography(OPG) for dental implants at the posterior maxilla.

Methods: 75 patients (89 positions) with dental implants in the posterior maxilla were assessed with CBCT and orthopantomography. The horizontal height from the top of the alveolar bone to the floor of sinus was measured through CBCT and OPG.

Biomechanical analysis of rapid maxillary expansion in the UCLP patient.

This study was designed to investigate the biomechanical effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in the patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). A finite element model of a patient's craniofacial complex with UCLP was created using data from spiral computed tomographic (CT) scanning. A transversal displacement with a magnitude of 5mm was applied on the maxillary premolar and first permanent molar crown of the model simulating the clinical situation.

[A preliminary study of combined periodontal-orthodontic approach for treating labial displacement of incisors in patients with periodontal diseases].

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined periodontal-orthodontic treatment for patients who had chronic periodontitis with labial displacement of incisors and radiological evidence on migrated incisors.

Methods: Twenty-one adult patients were included in the study. Fifty-two migrated incisors were randomly assigned to treatment with circumferential supracrestal fibrotomy or non-surgery.

[Dental arch form reverting by four-point method].

Purpose: To explore a simple method of reverting individual dental arch form template for wire bending.

Methods: Individual dental arch form was reverted by four-point method. By defining central point of bracket on bilateral lower second premolar and first molar, certain individual dental arch form could be generated.

Cationic lipid-coated magnetic nanoparticles associated with transferrin for gene delivery.

Cationic lipid-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MPs) associated with transferrin were evaluated as gene transfer vectors in the presence of a static magnetic field. MPs were prepared by chemical precipitation and were surface-coated with cationic lipids, composed of DDAB/soy PC (60:40 mole/mole). These cationic MPs were then combined with polyethylenimine (PEI) condensed plasmid DNA, followed by transferrin.

Depletion of peripheral macrophages and brain microglia increases brain tumor titers of oncolytic viruses.

Clinical trials have proven oncolytic virotherapy to be safe but not effective. We have shown that oncolytic viruses (OV) injected into intracranial gliomas established in rodents are rapidly cleared, and this is associated with up-regulation of markers (CD68 and CD163) of cells of monocytic lineage (monocytes/microglia/macrophages). However, it is unclear whether these cells directly impede intratumoral persistence of OV through phagocytosis and whether they infiltrate the tumor from the blood or the brain parenchyma.

Reversal of multidrug resistance by transferrin-conjugated liposomes co-encapsulating doxorubicin and verapamil.

Purpose: Liposomes co-encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) and verapamil (VER), and conjugated to transferrin (Tf-L-DOX/VER) were synthesized and evaluated in K562 leukemia cells. The design of this formulation was aimed at selective targeting of tumor cells, reducing cardiotoxicity of DOX and VER, as well as overcoming P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype.

Methods: The liposomes were prepared by polycarbonate membrane extrusion, followed by pH-gradient driven remote loading and Tf conjugation.

[Evaluations of self-perceived orthodontic treatment need using 2 different scales in adolescents].

Purpose: To evaluate the self-perceived dental aesthetics through visualized analogue scale (VAS) and aesthetic component (AC) of index of orthodontic treatment (IOTN) among adolescents in Shanghai area.

Methods: The investigation was carried out among 302 students (148 boys and 144 girls) aged 11-13 years. Self-perception of the dental aesthetic appearance was evaluated through VAS and AC.