The Impact of 24 h Urinary Potassium Excretion on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Chronic Disease Risk in Chinese Adults: A Health Promotion Study.

Background: Research into the pivotal role of potassium in chronic diseases and their comorbidities remains scarce. Our aim is to elucidate the relationship between potassium and chronic diseases, including comorbid conditions, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for potassium intake in patients.

Methods: This study is anchored in a representative, population-based survey conducted in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2017, encompassing participants aged 18 to 69 years.

Associations of weight control related behaviors with current cigarette smoking among Chinese adolescents: Results from an ongoing school-based survey in Zhejiang province.

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that adolescents may smoke cigarettes to control weight, but relevant research is scarce in Chinese youth. This study was conducted to examine the associations of weight control related behaviors with cigarette smoking in Chinese students.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data for 24835 middle and high school students drawn from the 2022 Zhejiang Youth Risk Behavior Survey of China which collected self-reported information of cigarette smoking, weight control strategies and other health-related behaviors.

Calibration of 24-h urinary sodium excretion estimates from fasting morning urine in Chinese populations: a comparative analysis of 2 calibration models and a locally developed model.

Background: Spot urine collection offers a convenient alternative to the more cumbersome 24-h urine collection. However, the widely recognized estimation models, such as Tanaka and International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure (INTERSALT), have not been adequately adapted for widespread use in the general Chinese population.

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the precision of the Tanaka and INTERSALT calibration models, alongside a locally Zhejiang Province-formulated model, in predicting 24-h urinary sodium (24-hUNa) excretion among the Chinese population.

The effect of hyperuricemia and its interaction with hypertension towards chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: evidence from a cross- sectional study in Eastern China.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the synergistic interaction effect between hyperuricemia and hypertension towards chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This research originates from a cross-sectional study performed in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China, between March and November 2018. The correlation between serum uric acid levels and the risk of chronic kidney disease was assessed using a restricted cubic spline model.

Taste Preference for Salt Predicts Salt Intake in a Chinese Population.

Objective: This study describes the association between taste preference for salt and actual salt intake, thus guiding and refining personal and public health campaigns designed to lower salt intake in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1489 residents aged 18 to 69 years was conducted in 2017 in China. A multistage random sampling strategy was used, and a combination of questionnaires and physical and laboratory measurements were conducted to collect baseline characteristics and knowledge, attitudes, and behavior (KAB) related to salt.

Association of 24-h urinary sodium excretion with microalbuminuria in a Chinese population.

To assess the relationship of sodium, potassium and the ratio of sodium to potassium (Na/K) with albuminuria, a cross-sectional study was carried out in China in 2017. Sodium, potassium and albumin excretions were examined in a 24-h (h) urine sample collected from 1486 participants. Microalbuminuria was defined as 24-h urinary albumin excretion between 30 and 300 mg/24 h.

The association of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24-h urinary sodium, potassium excretion and hypertensive status.

To understand the association between sodium and potassium consumption levels, hypertension and knowledge, attitudes and behaviors (KAB) toward salt and the commitment to effective sodium reduction and potassium supplementation to achieve the purpose of suppressing hypertension. A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to obtain a representative provincial sample of 7512 residents aged 18-69 years through a cross-sectional survey by the Salt Reduction and Hypertension Prevention Project (SRHPP) in Zhejiang Province of China in 2017-2018. A screening including demographic, anthropometric, salt-related KAB and physical measurements was implemented, and 24-h urine of approximately 1/5 of the participants was collected and tested.

Validity of predictive equations for 24-h urinary sodium excretion at the population and individual levels among Chinese adults aged 18-69 years.

Spot urine (SU) collection is a convenient method commonly used for sodium estimation, but its validity in predicting 24-h urinary sodium (24-hUNa) excretion has not been thoroughly evaluated among the general population. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the validity of eight existing methods in predicting 24-hUNa excretion by using SU samples among Chinese adults. We analyzed 1424 representative individuals aged 18 to 69 years.

Use of Salt-Restriction Spoons and Its Associations with Urinary Sodium and Potassium in the Zhejiang Province of China: Results of a Population-Based Survey.

In China, a major source of sodium is salt added during cooking. In this context, use of a salt-restriction spoon (SRS) has been promoted in public health campaigns and by health care providers. To describe use of and factors associated with SRS use, knowledge of correct use, and actual correct use.

Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18-69 years.

The direction and magnitude of the association between sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure (BP) may differ depending on the characteristics of the study participant or the intake assessment method. Our objective was to assess the relationship between BP, hypertension and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion among Chinese adults. A total of 1424 provincially representative Chinese residents aged 18 to 69 years participated in a cross-sectional survey in 2017 that included demographic data, physical measurements and 24-h urine collection.

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and sodium intake in Zhejiang Province, China: A cross-sectional survey in 2017.

Background: In recent decades, hypertension has become a popular public health problem in China. In 2017, a cross-sectional survey about hypertension and sodium intake measured by 24-hour (24-h) urine was launched in Zhejiang Province, to provide the basis of the Chinese population to develop a salt reduction intervention and prevention of hypertension strategy.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 7512 participants aged 18 to 69 years in Zhejiang Province of China by complex, multistage sampling methods.

Assessment and validation of spot urine in estimating the 24-h urinary sodium, potassium, and sodium/potassium ratio in Chinese adults.

The commonly used methods of estimating the 24-h urinary sodium (UNa) and urinary potassium (UK) from spot urine (SU) are the Kawasaki method (K-method), INTERSALT method (I-method), and Tanaka method (T-method), but the method that is suitable for use in the general Chinese population is still uncertain. We aimed to assess and validate these methods in estimating the 24-h UNa and UK using SU samples in Chinese adults. We studied 1428 individuals aged 18-69 years using SU and 24-h urine samples.

Associations of blood metal exposure with thyroid hormones in Chinese pregnant women: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Few epidemiological studies have investigated associations of exposure to multiple metals with thyroid hormone homeostasis, especially for the pregnant women.

Methods: Among all the 1644 participants enrolled in Hangzhou Birth Cohort Study (HBCS) at baseline, a total of 915 pregnant women with complete data of interest were analyzed. Eleven metals were measured in blood samples collected around 25 weeks gestation.

The Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and Platelet Indicators.

Background: Currently, the studies on the relationship between type 2 diabetes and platelets indicators were carried out on a selective small sample population generally. Large sample studies in this area are rare, especially in Chinese population. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes and the mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT) and platelet distribution width (PDW).

Gender disparity in the associations of overweight/obesity with occupational activity, transport to/from work, leisure-time physical activity, and leisure-time spent sitting in working adults: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The associations of occupational activity (OA), commuting, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and sitting with overweight/obesity in working adults are controversial. This study explored these factors with the risk of overall and abdominal overweight/obesity in a Chinese working population and whether these associations differ by gender.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted.

The associations between cigarette smoking and health-related behaviors among Chinese school-aged adolescents.

Background: Evidence on the interrelations between cigarette smoking and a cluster of lifestyle behaviors is scarce for the Chinese youth population. This study is conducted to identify the associations between cigarette smoking and multiple health-related behaviors in a Chinese sample of adolescents.

Methods: We used data from 2012 Zhejiang Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which is a school-based survey of 19,542 adolescents that assess risk behaviors using a self-reported questionnaire.

Prenatal cadmium exposure and preterm low birth weight in China.

Early studies have investigated the effect of prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure on birth outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight, although the results of these studies are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to Cd and the risk of preterm low birth weight (PLBW). A total of 408 mother-infant pairs (102 PLBW cases and 306 pair matched controls) were selected from the participants enrolled in the Healthy Baby Cohort (HBC) study between 2012 and 2014 in Hubei province, China.

A nested case-control study of prenatal vanadium exposure and low birthweight.

Study Question: Is prenatal vanadium exposure associated with adverse birth outcomes?

Summary Answer: The odds of low birthweight (LBW) are increased 2.23-fold in mothers with a urinary vanadium of ≥2.91 μg/g creatinine compared with that in mothers with a urinary vanadium of ≤1.

A case-control study of maternal exposure to chromium and infant low birth weight in China.

Exposure to chromium is increasing due to environmental pollution from industrial processes. Several epidemiological studies have investigated chromium exposure and reproductive outcomes, but few studies have investigated the association of chromium exposure and low birth weight (LBW). This study was designed to investigate whether maternal exposure to chromium during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of LBW.

A Case-Control Study of Prenatal Thallium Exposure and Low Birth Weight in China.

Background: Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic heavy metal widely present in the environment. Case reports have suggested that maternal exposure to high levels of Tl during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight (LBW), but epidemiological data are limited.

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate whether prenatal Tl exposure is associated with an increased risk of LBW.