Association of dietary choline intake with incidence of dementia, Alzheimer disease, and mild cognitive impairment: a large population-based prospective cohort study.

Background: Choline, an essential nutrient, plays a critical role in cognition, and may help prevent dementia and mild cognitive impairment. However, studies on dietary choline and its derivatives for preventing these conditions are limited and inconsistent.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the associations between dietary choline intake and the incidence of dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and current cognitive performance in the United Kingdom Biobank cohort.

The joint associations of ambient air pollutants and weather factors with mortality: Evidence from a national time-stratified case-crossover study in China.

Background: People in daily life are usually exposed to multiple environmental factors, but few studies have evaluated the joint health impacts of ambient air pollutants and weather factors.

Objectives: To investigate the joint associations of short-term exposures to ambient air pollutants and weather factors with mortality and estimate the mortality burden attributable to these multiple environmental exposures in China.

Methods: We collected individual death information from six provinces (Guangdong, Yunnan, Hunan, Zhejiang, Tibet and Jilin) in China during 2013 to 2018, and applied a time-stratified case-crossover study design to estimate the joint associations of air pollutants [PM (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.

Association of weight loss strategies with all-cause and specific-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The health effects of different weight loss strategies vary greatly, and the relationship between weight loss strategies, especially the combination of multiple strategies, and death is still unclear. We aimed to examine the associations of various numbers and combinations of weight loss strategies with all-cause and specific-cause mortality and to further evaluate the associations of different total weight loss volumes with mortality.

Methods: Using data from NHANES (1999-2018) with 48,430 participants aged 20 and above, we collected fourteen self-reported weight loss strategies and identified five clusters using latent class analysis.

The trend analysis of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among the elderly aged 50 to 69 years from 1990 to 2030.

Background: The HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) excluding HIV among the elderly population urgently require more attention and in-depth study. We aimed to present and predict the worldwide of its burden from 1990 to 2030 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.

Methods: Leveraging the 2019 GBD study, we investigated the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of HIV and other STI in incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates for individuals aged 50-69 across different age groups, genders, sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, and nations.

Global, regional, and national burdens of atopic dermatitis under 14: a trend analysis and future prediction based on the global burden of disease study 2019.

Objective: The aim is to evaluate the global, regional, and national trends in the burden of children and adolescents under 14 from 1990 to 2019, as well as future trend predictions.

Methods: In Global Burden of Disease (GBD), we reported the incidence, prevalence rate and the years lived with disability (YLDs), the incidence per 100,000 people, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC). We further analyzed these global trends by age, gender, and social development index (SDI).

Association of lifestyles and multimorbidity with mortality among individuals aged 60 years or older: Two prospective cohort studies.

Lifestyles are associated with all-cause mortality, yet limited research has explored the association in the elderly population with multimorbidity. We aim to investigate the impact of adopting a healthy lifestyle on reducing the risk of all-cause mortality in older individuals with or without multimorbidity in both China and UK. This prospective study included 29,451 and 173,503 older adults aged 60 and over from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and UK Biobank.

Finite-horizon optimal secure tracking control under denial-of-service attacks.

The finite-horizon optimal secure tracking control (FHOSTC) problem for cyber-physical systems under actuator denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is addressed in this paper. A model-free method based on the Q-function is designed to achieve FHOSTC without the system model information. First, an augmented time-varying Riccati equation (TVRE) is derived by integrating the system with the reference system into a unified augmented system.

Association of Combined Healthy Lifestyle Factors With Incident Dementia in Participants With and Without Multimorbidity: A Large Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The effect of a healthy lifestyle on dementia associated with multimorbidity is not well understood. Our objective is to examine whether the adoption of a healthy lifestyle could potentially reduce the elevated risk of dementia in individuals with and without multimorbidity.

Methods: We utilized data from the UK Biobank cohort.

Multilayer factors associated with excess all-cause mortality during the omicron and non-omicron waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: time series analysis in 29 countries.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant excess mortality globally. However, the differences in excess mortality between the Omicron and non-Omicron waves, as well as the contribution of local epidemiological characteristics, population immunity, and social factors to excess mortality, remain poorly understood. This study aims to solve the above problems.

Ambient PM and cardiopulmonary mortality in the oldest-old people in China: A national time-stratified case-crossover study.

Background: Evidence on the associations of fine particulate matter (PM) with cardiopulmonary mortality in the oldest-old (aged 80+ years) people remains limited.

Methods: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study of 1,475,459 deaths from cardiopulmonary diseases in China to estimate the associations between short-term exposure to ambient PM and cardiopulmonary mortality among the oldest-old people.

Findings: Each 10 μg/m increase in PM concentration (6-day moving average [lag05]) was associated with higher mortality from cardiopulmonary diseases (excess risks [ERs] = 1.

Failure mechanical properties of lumbar intervertebral disc under high loading rate.

Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is the main clinical cause of low back pain. The pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation is still uncertain, while it is often accompanied by disc rupture. In order to explore relationship between loading rate and failure mechanics that may lead to lumbar disc herniation, the failure mechanical properties of the intervertebral disc under high rates of loading were analyzed.

Fragmentation of continental subduction is ending the Himalayan orogeny.

After two continents collide, plate convergence and orogenesis are sustained because subducted continental lithosphere continues pulling the surface plate. It remains controversial how, why, and when continental plate convergence and collision slow down and eventually cease. We use an unprecedented data coverage and present a regional-scale seismic tomographic image of the mantle structure beneath the Tibetan Plateau.

Microbial mechanism of biochar addition to reduce NO emissions from soilless substrate systems.

The soilless peat-based substrate partially solves the global soil problem in greenhouse vegetable production. However, it still produces serious NO emissions due to the application of nutrient solutions. The pyrolysis biochar is regarded as an effective measure to reduce soil NO emissions.

The role of T cells and shared genes in psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease based on single-cell RNA and comprehensive analysis.

Psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a similar etiology, including abnormal activation of T cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was used to search for shared genes. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis were then performed.

Nitrogen transformation and its microbial mechanism under co-composting of biogas slurry with garden waste.

Large amount of garden waste is consecutively produced in China every year. The composting with urea and microbial inoculum makes it possible to dispose garden waste in large quantities. However, composting accompanies with serious nitrogen loss and environmental problems.

Trends of Mortality in End-Stage Liver Disease - China, 2008-2020.

Introduction: Liver cancer and cirrhosis represent the most prevalent forms of end-stage liver diseases (ESLDs). Notably, in China, deaths attributed to ESLDs contribute significantly to the global mortality rate of these disorders. Enhanced comprehension of the mortality profile associated with ESLDs in China could provide crucial insights into intervention prioritization, which could in turn help reduce the overall global burden of these diseases.

Identification of prognostic genes for breast cancer related to systemic lupus erythematosus by integrated analysis and machine learning.

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multi-organ involvement, and some studies have found that SLE has a reduced risk of breast cancer (BRCA). So, we tried to find prognostic genes for BRCA related to SLE by integrated analysis and machine learning.

Method: First, we downloaded 2 SLE datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and BRCA data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Relaxation spectral analysis in multi-contrast vascular magnetic particle imaging.

Background: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used as tracers without ionizing radiation in vascular imaging, molecular imaging, and neuroimaging. The relaxation mechanisms of magnetization in response to excitation magnetic fields are important features of MNPs. The basic relaxation mechanisms include internal rotation (Néel relaxation) and external physical rotation (Brownian relaxation).

Mortality burden based on the associations of ambient PM with cause-specific mortality in China: Evidence from a death-spectrum wide association study (DWAS).

Although studies have estimated the associations of PM with total mortality or cardiopulmonary mortality, few have comprehensively examined cause-specific mortality risk and burden caused by ambient PM. Thus, this study investigated the association of short-term exposure to PM with cause-specific mortality using a death-spectrum wide association study (DWAS). Individual information of 5,450,764 deaths during 2013-2018 were collected from six provinces in China.

Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection and Symptoms - China, December 2022-February 2023.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: A considerable percentage of the population has received both primary and booster vaccinations, which could potentially provide protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron infections and related symptoms.

What Is Added By This Report?: The self-reported infection rate, as determined from an online survey, reached its peak (15.5%) between December 19 and 21, 2022, with an estimated 82.

Insufficient epitope-specific T cell clones are responsible for impaired cellular immunity to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in older adults.

Aging is a critical risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine efficacy. The immune responses to inactivated vaccine for older adults, and the underlying mechanisms of potential differences to young adults, are still unclear. Here we show that neutralizing antibody production by older adults took a longer time to reach similar levels in young adults after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Genes associated with cellular senescence favor melanoma prognosis by stimulating immune responses in tumor microenvironment.

Purpose: Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), a malignant tumor from melanocytes, is the fifth most prevalent tumor. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy improves prognosis of SKCM, but immune response varies for different populations. Cellular senescence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes antitumor immunity, mediated by dendritic cells (DC) and CD8 T cells.