Differentiation of NaCl, NaOH, and β-Phenylethylamine Using Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Improved Adaptive Artificial Bee Colony Combined with BP-ANN Algorithm.

The aim of this study is to enhance the classification performance of the back-propagation-artificial neural network (BP-ANN) algorithm for NaCl, NaOH, β-phenylethylamine (PEA), and their mixture, as well as to avoid the defects of the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm such as prematurity and local optimization. In this paper, a method that combined an improved adaptive artificial bee colony (IAABC) algorithm and BP-ANN algorithm was proposed. This method improved the ABC algorithm by adding an adaptive local search factor and mutation factor; meanwhile, it can enhance the abilities of the global optimization and local search of the ABC algorithm and avoid prematurity.

Cooperative emission reduction in the supply chain: the value of green marketing under different power structures.

Under environmental policies and consumers' green preferences, firms are facing the problem of how to improve the efficiency of emission reduction (ER) and increase profit. In this paper, we construct an analytical framework that includes a manufacturer and a retailer to explore the value of cooperative ER under the carbon cap-and-trade mechanism (CCTM). The manufacturer invests in green technologies to reduce emissions, and the retailer can choose whether to implement green marketing.