Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses for characterizing the alkaloid metabolism of Chinese jujube and sour jujube fruits.

Introduction: Jujube is an important economic forest tree whose fruit is rich in alkaloids. Chinese jujube ( Mill.) and sour jujube ( Hu.

Clinical, polysomnographic, and heart rate variability in highland obstructive sleep apnea patients responding to one-night nocturnal oxygen supplementation: A post-hoc analysis from a randomized, crossover trial.

Objective: /Background: This study aimed to explore the clinical, polysomnographic, and heart rate variability (HRV) characteristics of highland obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients receiving one-night nocturnal oxygen supplementation (NOS) and to identify factors predicting response.

Patients/methods: Thirty-four highland OSA patients living in Shangri-La were randomly assigned to receive NOS and sham oxygen in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Clinical assessments, polysomnography, and HRV were measured.

Genomic C-Value Variation Analysis in Jujube ( Mill.) in the Middle Yellow River Basin.

Chinese jujube ( Mill.) originated in the Yellow River basin (YRB) of the Shanxi-Shaanxi region. The genomic C-value is a crucial indicator for plant breeding and germplasm evaluation.

The Characteristics of Sleep Apnea in Tibetans and Han Long-Term High Altitude Residents.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common both at low and high altitude. Since adaptations to high altitude and respiratory control may differ among Tibetans and Hans, we compared characteristics of sleep-disordered breathing in the two ethnic groups at high altitude.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective observational study including 86 Tibetan and Han long-term (>5 years) high altitude residents with chief complaints of snoring and/or witnessed apnea underwent clinical evaluation and polysomnography at 3200 meters in Shangri-La, China.

Metabolomics-based analysis of flavonoid metabolites in Chinese jujube and sour jujube fruits from different harvest periods.

Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and sour jujube (Ziziphus spinosa Hu.) fruits have health benefits because they contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids.

Sex-Specific Difference in the Effect of Altitude on Sleep and Nocturnal Breathing in Young Healthy Volunteers.

Importance: To date, there is no established evidence of sex-specific differences in altitude-induced sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) during polysomnography-confirmed sleep. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether differences in sex play a pivotal role in incidences of SDB and acute mountain sickness (AMS) when staying overnight at high altitude. Design: This was a prospective cohort study.

Risk and protective processes in the link between racial discrimination and Chinese American mothers' psychologically controlling parenting.

Objectives: Racial-ethnic minority parents' experiences with racial discrimination may function as a contextual stressor that negatively impacts psychological functioning to shape less effective parenting practices, including the use of more psychological control. Moreover, various factors can enhance or diminish psychological functioning in the face of racial discrimination. Accordingly, we examined the associations between Chinese American mothers' experiences of racial discrimination and three subdimensions of psychologically controlling parenting by considering the mediating roles of negative (depressive symptoms) and positive (psychological well-being) psychological functioning and the moderating role of maternal acculturation toward the mainstream culture (AMC) as a protective factor.

Biocathode regulates enrofloxacin degradation by coupling with different co-metabolism conditions.

In this study, biocathode system coupled with different co-metabolism conditions (NaAc, glucose and NaHCO) were developed to degrade quinolones enrofloxacin (ENR) due to its poorly metabolization, easily accumulation and potential toxicity. Simultaneously, ENR reduction kinetic rate constant in NaAc-fed, glucose-fed and NaHCO-fed biocathodes, and sole biocathode were increased by 343.62%, 320.

Composition and content of phenolic acids and flavonoids among the different varieties, development stages, and tissues of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.).

The composition and content of phenolic acids and flavonoids among the different varieties, development stages, and tissues of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) were systematically examined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography to provide a reference for the evaluation and selection of high-value resources. Five key results were identified: (1) Overall, 13 different phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected from among the 20 excellent jujube varieties tested, of which 12 were from the fruits, 11 from the leaves, and 10 from the stems.

Chinese American adolescents' experiences of COVID-19 racial discrimination: Risk and protective factors for internalizing difficulties.

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has fueled anti-Asian racism and xenophobia in the United States, which negatively impact Asian Americans' adjustment. To identify risk and protective factors for Chinese American adolescents' mental health, the present study examined: (1) the associations between Chinese American adolescents' experiences of COVID-19-related racial discrimination and their internalizing difficulties; (2) the moderating roles of: (a) adolescents' bicultural identity integration (BII; harmony and blendedness dimensions separately) and (b) parents' promotion of mistrust ethnic-racial socialization (PMERS); and (c) the interplay between BII and PMERS in the associations between racial discrimination and internalizing difficulties.

Method: Participants included 211 Chinese American adolescents of 10-18 years old (M age = 13.

Wax composition and concentration in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) cultivars with differential resistance to fruit cracking.

Fruit cracking is a key problem restricting the development of the jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) industry, and is closely related to the distribution of the wax layer on the surface of the fruit. Three jujube cultivars with different levels of cracking resistance, namely 'Popozao', 'Banzao', and 'Hupingzao', were selected for comparison. Cracks on the cuticular membrane (CM) of 'Hupingzao' widened and deepened during the coloring period.

COVID-19 Racism and Mental Health in Chinese American Families.

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has fueled xenophobia against Chinese Americans. We examined the rates of 6 types of COVID-19 racism and racial discrimination experienced by Chinese American parents and youth and the associations with their mental health.

Methods: We recruited a population-based sample of Chinese American families to participate in this self-reported survey study conducted from March 14, 2020, to May 31, 2020.

Adaptation and assessment of the Child Feeding Questionnaire for Chinese immigrant families of young children in the United States.

Background: Chinese immigrant mothers have been found to hold cultural-specific beliefs about children's weight and use cultural-specific feeding practices when feeding their children. However, current measurements of child feeding, including the widely used Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ), do not capture these cultural-specific beliefs and practices. Thus, the present study examined the underlying factor structure of the original CFQ (7-factor model) and the modified CFQ with additional Asian cultural-specific feeding items (8- and 9-factor model) and assessed the validity of the CFQ among U.

Maternal separation induces alterations in reversal learning and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in adult rats.

Aims: Early postnatal maternal and/or sibling separation (MS) can play an important role in the development of psychopathologies during ontogeny. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of repeated MS on the cognitive and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) function of rats.

Methods: We investigated the effects of repeated MS that lasted 3 h/day during postnatal days 1-21 on spatial learning and reversal learning in Morris water maze tests in male rats.

Cognitive, emotional and neurochemical effects of repeated maternal separation in adolescent rats.

As an adverse early life experience, maternal separation (MS) induces profound neurochemical, cognitive and emotional dysfunction. Previous studies have reported that MS affected prepulse inhibition (PPI), anxiety-related behaviors, dopaminergic and serotonergic activity in adult rats, and in the present study, we investigated the effects of repeated (4h/day) maternal separation during postnatal days 1-21 on PPI and anxiety-related behaviors in an elevated plus maze, as well as dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and 5-HT1A receptor expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus in adolescent rats. Our findings show that repeated MS results in reduced PPI, increased anxiety-related behaviors, decreased DRD2 protein expression in the NAc and hippocampus, and decreased 5-HT1A protein expression in the mPFC and hippocampus in adolescent rats.

Maternal separation induces alterations of serotonergic system in different aged rats.

Maternal separation (MS) induces profound behavioral and neurochemical dysregulations in adult rodents. In the present longitudinal study, we investigated the effects of repeated (4h/day) maternal separation during postnatal days 1-21 on serotonergic synthesis and activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus of juvenile (post-natal day 21, PND 21), adolescent (PND 35) and early adult (PND 56) male Wistar rats. We found that MS increased 5-HT levels in the PFC of juvenile rats, and although MS increased 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in the NAc of adolescent rats, the ratio between 5-HIAA and 5-HT decreased in the PFC.

Early social isolation disrupts latent inhibition and increases dopamine D2 receptor expression in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of adult rats.

Adolescence is a critical period for neurodevelopment. In the present study, we investigated the effects of peri-adolescent social isolation on latent inhibition (LI) and dopamine D2 receptor expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of young adult rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into adolescent isolation (ISO; isolated housing, 21-34 days of age) and social housing (SOC) groups.

Brief social isolation in early adolescence affects reversal learning and forebrain BDNF expression in adult rats.

Isolation rearing produces significant behavioral and neurochemical dysregulations in rodents. However, few studies have examined the effects of short-term isolation rearing during puberty compared to chronic social isolation from weaning to adulthood. In this study, we subjected weaning rats to a brief two-week social isolation and then re-socialized them until adulthood.

Quantitative proteomic survey of endoplasmic reticulum in mouse liver.

To gain a better understanding of the critical function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in liver, we carried out a proteomic survey of mouse liver ER. The ER proteome was profiled with a new three-dimensional, gel-based strategy. From 6152 and 6935 MS spectra, 903 and 1042 proteins were identified with at least two peptides matches at 95% confidence in the rough (r) and smooth (s) ER, respectively.

Protein probabilities in shotgun proteomics: evaluating different estimation methods using a semi-random sampling model.

The calculation of protein probabilities is one of the most intractable problems in large-scale proteomic research. Current available estimating methods, for example, ProteinProphet, PROT_PROBE, Poisson model and two-peptide hits, employ different models trying to resolve this problem. Until now, no efficient method is used for comparative evaluation of the above methods in large-scale datasets.

A dataset of human fetal liver proteome identified by subcellular fractionation and multiple protein separation and identification technology.

A high throughput process including subcellular fractionation and multiple protein separation and identification technology allowed us to establish the protein expression profile of human fetal liver, which was composed of at least 2,495 distinct proteins and 568 non-isoform groups identified from 64,960 peptides and 24,454 distinct peptides. In addition to the basic protein identification mentioned above, the MS data were used for complementary identification and novel protein mining. By doing the analysis with integrated protein, expressed sequence tag, and genome datasets, 223 proteins and 15 peptides were complementarily identified with high quality MS/MS data.

[Gene prediction and function research of SARS-CoV(BJ01)].

Through reading the articles, this study points out the shortage of gene prediction and function research about SARS-CoV, and predict it again for developing effective drugs and future vaccines. Using twelve gene prediction methods to predict coronavirus known genes, we select four better methods including Heuristic models, Gene Identification, ZCURVE_CoV and ORF FINDER to predict SARS-CoV(BJ01), and use ATGpr for analyzing probability of initiation codon and Kozak rule, search transcription regulating sequence(TRS) in order to improve the accuracy of predicted genes. Twenty-one probable new genes with more than 50 amino acids have been obtained excluding 13 ORFs which are similar to the genes of NCBI and relative articles.