Fracture Toughness Testing of Brittle Laminated Geomaterials Using Hollow Double-Wing Slotted Specimens.

The fracture toughness of shale is a key parameter guiding hydraulic fracturing design and optimization. The hollow double-wing slotted (HDWS) specimen is a typical specimen configuration for measuring the mode I fracture toughness of rock. The calibration of the shape factor () is the basis for accurately obtaining the fracture toughness of rocks.

Elasticity and Characteristic Stress Thresholds of Shale under Deep In Situ Geological Conditions.

The mechanical properties of shale are generally influenced by in situ geological conditions. However, the understanding of the effects of in situ geological conditions on the mechanical properties of shale is still immature. To address this problem, this paper provides insight into the elasticity and characteristic stress thresholds (i.