Tire Wear Particles Exposure Enhances Denitrification in Soil by Enriching Labile DOM and Shaping the Microbial Community.

Tire wear particles (TWP) are emerging contaminants in the soil environment due to their widespread occurrence and potential threat to soil health. However, their impacts on soil biogeochemical processes remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of TWP at various doses and their leachate on soil respiration and denitrification using a robotized continuous-flow incubation system in upland soil.

Depth weakens effects of long-term fertilization on dissolved organic matter chemodiversity in paddy soils.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is pivotal for soil biogeochemical processes, soil fertility, and ecosystem stability. While numerous studies have investigated the impact of fertilization practices on DOM content along soil profiles, variations in DOM chemodiversity and the underlying factors across soil profiles under long-term fertilization regimes remain unclear. Using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and high-throughput sequencing, this study investigated DOM composition characteristics and microbial community compositions across different soil layers (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-100 cm) in paddy soil under different long-term fertilization treatments, including Control (no fertilizer), NPK (mineral NPK fertilizer), NPKHS (NPK fertilizer with half straw return), and NPKS (NPK fertilizer with full straw return).

Molecular characterization of a novel victorivirus isolated from Stagonosporopsis citrulli.

Members of the fungal genus Stagonosporopsis are important plant pathogens that can cause severe disease on a wide range of economically important plants and crops. Here, a novel victorivirus, tentatively named "Stagonosporopsis citrulli victorivirus 1" (SciVV1), was isolated from S. citrulli isolate HS2-8.

Molecular characterization of a novel partitivirus with four segments isolated from , the causal agent of citrus root rot.

We report here the identification of a dsRNA virus, obtained from strain Newher-7, tentatively named partitivirus 3 (FsPV3). It consists of four dsRNA segments (dsRNA1-4) with lengths of 1961, 1900, 1830 and 1830 bp, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that dsRNA1 encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), dsRNA2 encodes a capsid protein (CP), dsRNA3 encodes a hypothetical protein of unknown function and dsRNA4 encodes two hypothetical proteins of unknown function.

Comparative efficacy of ciprofol and propofol in reducing respiratory depression during ERCP anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Propofol is one of the important drug causes of respiratory depression in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) anesthesia. This study aims to clarify whether Ciprofol in ERCP anesthesia reduces the respiratory depression rate.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial performed at the Surgical Endoscopy Center, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University between Jun 01, 2022 and Feb 20, 2024, patients undergoing ERCP anesthesia were randomly assigned into ciprofol (study group) or propofol (control group).

A comparative study on the selection of new characters in Chinese primary school textbooks in mainland China and the Taiwan region.

The selection of new characters for Chinese textbooks is essential for primary school literacy teaching. This research used content and comparative analyses to study the selection of new characters for Chinese textbooks used in primary schools in mainland China and the Taiwan region. The results showed that there were more new characters in the Chinese primary school textbooks used in mainland China than in those used in the Taiwan region.

Resistance gene Ty-1 restricts TYLCV infection in tomato by increasing RNA silencing.

A major antiviral mechanism in plants is mediated by RNA silencing through the action of DICER-like (DCL) proteins, which cleave dsRNA into discrete small RNA fragments, and ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins, which use the small RNAs to target single-stranded RNA. RNA silencing can also be amplified through the action of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs), which use single stranded RNA to generate dsRNA that in turn is targeted by DCL proteins. As a counter-defense, plant viruses encode viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) that target different components in the RNA silencing pathway.

Apo E protein and related markers show the prognosis of stress urinary incontinence rats treated with modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disease that seriously affects the quality of life of patients. In recent years, studies have shown that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a role in neuroprotection and repair, but its specific role in SUI remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of macromolecular protein ApoE related markers on the prognosis of rats with SUI treated by modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (MBZYQD), in order to provide a new target for the treatment of SUI.

Microplastics from polyvinyl chloride agricultural plastic films do not change nitrogenous gas emission but enhance denitrification potential.

The effects of microplastics (MPs) from agricultural plastic films on soil nitrogen transformation, especially denitrification, are still obscure. Here, using a robotized flow-through system, we incubated vegetable upland soil cores for 66 days with MPs from PE mulching film (F-PE) and PVC greenhouse film (F-PVC) and directly quantified the emissions of nitrogenous gases from denitrification under oxic conditions, as well as the denitrification potential under anoxic conditions. The impact of MPs on soil nitrogen transformation was largely determined by the concentration of the additive phthalate esters (PAEs) containing in the MPs.

Biochar mitigates the stimulatory effects of straw incorporation on NO emission and NO/(NO + N) ratio in upland soil.

Straw incorporation, a common agricultural strategy designed to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC), often leads to increased nitrous oxide (NO) emission, potentially offsetting benefits of SOC sequestration. However, the mechanism and mitigation options for the enhanced NO emission following straw incorporation remain unclear. Here, N and NO emission rate, as well as NO/(NO + N) ratio under four different fertilization treatments [i.

Contactin -Associated protein1 Regulates Autophagy by Modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway and ATG4B Levels in Vitro and in Vivo.

Contactin-associated protein1 (Caspr1) plays an important role in the formation and stability of myelinated axons. In Caspr1 mutant mice, autophagy-related structures accumulate in neurons, causing axonal degeneration; however, the mechanism by which Caspr1 regulates autophagy remains unknown. To illustrate the mechanism of Caspr1 in autophagy process, we demonstrated that Caspr1 knockout in primary neurons from mice along with human cell lines, HEK-293 and HeLa, induced autophagy by downregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to promote the conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 I (LC3-I) to LC3-II.

Hierarchical BiO nanosheets and ZIF-8 derived porous nitrogen-doped carbon fibers as novel assembled nanocomposites for high-performance flexible supercapacitors.

The unique design of the core-shell heterostructure is significant for obtaining electrode materials with excellent electrochemical properties. In this paper, porous carbon nanofibers (NPC@PPZ) embedded with N-doped porous carbon nanoparticles are used to construct flexible electrodes (NPC@PPZ@BiO). Zeolite imidazole skeleton (ZIF)-8 and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) derived porous carbon fibers and BiO nanosheets, were utilized as the porous core and multilayer shell, respectively.

Decoding the RNA viromes in shrew lungs along the eastern coast of China.

Shrews being insectivores, serve as natural reservoirs for a wide array of zoonotic viruses, including the recently discovered Langya henipavirus (LayV) in China in 2018. It is crucial to understand the shrew-associated virome, viral diversity, and new viruses. In the current study, we conducted high-throughput sequencing on lung samples obtained from 398 shrews captured along the eastern coast of China, and characterized the high-depth virome of 6 common shrew species (Anourosorex squamipes, Crocidura lasiura, Crocidura shantungensis, Crocidura tanakae, Sorex caecutiens, and Suncus murinus).

Application of circular statistics in temporal distribution of adult mosquitoes in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China, 2021-2023.

Background: Analyses of the temporal distribution of mosquitoes are presented in statistical charts, but it is difficult to prove in statistics whether differences in peak periods exist among different years or habitats. This study aimed to investigate the application of circular statistics in determining the peak period and a comparison of differences.

Methods: Surveillance of adult mosquitoes was conducted twice a month by light traps in five different habitats from March to November for 3 years (2021-2023) in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.

Mapping the distribution of sandflies and sandfly-associated pathogens in China.

Background: Understanding and mapping the distribution of sandflies and sandfly-associated pathogens (SAPs) is crucial for guiding the surveillance and control effort. However, their distribution and the related risk burden in China remain poorly understood.

Methods: We mapped the distribution of sandflies and SAPs using literature data from 1940 to 2022.

SENP1-Mediated HSP90ab1 DeSUMOylation in Cardiomyocytes Prevents Myocardial Fibrosis by Paracrine Signaling.

Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a poor ventricular remodeling response, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1) is downregulated in post-MI mice and in patients with severe heart failure. By generating cardiomyocyte-specific SENP1 knockout and overexpression mice to assess cardiac function and ventricular remodeling responses under physiological and pathological conditions.

Identifying ligands directly interacting with target protein in medicinal herbs by metabolomic analysis of T2-filtered HSQC spectra.

A protocol for efficiently identifying ligands directly interacting with a target protein in complex extracts of medicinal herbs was proposed by combining an adapted 2D perfect-echo Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill heteronuclear single quantum correlation (PE-CPMG HSQC) spectrum with metabolomic analysis. PE-CPMG HSQC can suppress the signal interference from the target protein, allowing more accurate peak quantification than conventional HSQC. Inspired from untargeted metabolomics, regions of interest (ROIs) are constructed and quantified for the mixture or complex extract samples with and without a target protein, and then a binding index (BI) of each ROI is determined.

Monosaccharide composition analysis by 2D quantitative gsHSQC.

The physicochemical properties and biological activities of polysaccharides depend on their structures. Monosaccharide composition analysis is indispensable for the structural characterization of polysaccharides and is helpful in the quality control of polysaccharide preparation. Here, using a model mixture and tamarind seed polysaccharide as examples, we demonstrated that a quantitative 2D NMR method, gsHSQC (three gradient-selective Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence spectra acquired with incremented repetition times, i = 1, 2, 3) can directly quantify a variety of monosaccharides in solution with adequate precision and accuracy, requiring no derivatization, postprocessing steps and column separation.

Identification of Mudanjiang Phlebovirus in the Daxing'anling Region of China.

Mudanjiang phlebovirus (MJPV) is a newly discovered phlebovirus, initially detected from ticks in China in 2022. In this study, by next-generation sequencing (NGS) on a wide variety of ticks and wild small animals in China, we detected MJPV from and . Additionally, we conducted RT-PCR and sequencing on 1815 adult ticks and 805 wild small mammals collected from eight provinces in China between 2017 and 2021.

Microplastics enhance nitrogen loss from a black paddy soil by shifting nitrate reduction from DNRA to denitrification and Anammox.

Microplastics (MPs) are frequently detected emerging pollutants in soil that can endanger farmland ecosystems; however, little is known about their impacts on dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes in paddy soil. Here, using the N-tracer and microbial molecular techniques, we investigated the effects of MPs (200-400 μm) made of polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene (PE) on denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and the associated microbial community in a black paddy soil. All MPs increased the Anammox rate by 6.

Cooperative adsorption of interfacial Ga-N dual-site in GaOOH@N-doped carbon nanotubes for enhanced electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide.

To reduce activation energy barrier and promote the kinetics of electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (eCORR), the performance of CO adsorption and activation on electrocatalysts should be optimized. Here, GaOOH is successfully coupled with N-doped carbon nanotubes (NC) via a facile self-assembly-calcination process. The obtained GaOOH@N-doped carbon nanotubes (Ga-NC) display the best CO faradaic efficiency of 96.