[Explanation and interpretation of the compilation of neonatal blood transfusion in the national health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion"].

In order to guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has released the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Considering the physiological particularities of the neonatal period, blood transfusion practices for neonates are more complex than those for other children, the guidelines include a separate chapter dedicated to neonatal blood transfusion. This paper interprets the background and evidence for the compilation of the neonatal blood transfusion provisions, hoping to aid in the understanding and implementation of the neonatal blood transfusion section of the guidelines.

Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Acute Leukemias of Ambiguous Lineage: A Single Institution Retrospective Review.

Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (ALAL) is a rare type of acute leukemia, referring to a group of disorders characterized by a combination of myeloid, lymphoid, or more lineages, whose incidence is significantly lower in children than adults. Here, we summarized the clinical features and outcomes of 36 pediatric ALAL patients in past 16 years. The patients diagnosed as ALAL based on the criteria of EGIL scoring system in 1998 (EGIL 1998) and/or the 2016 revisions to the WHO classification (WHO 2016) from January 1, 2005 to December 1, 2021 were included, respectively.

Single-cell epigenetic and clonal analysis decodes disease progression in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.

Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pAML) is a clonal disease with recurrent genetic alterations that affect epigenetic states. However, the implications of epigenetic dysregulation in disease progression remain unclear. Here, we interrogated single-cell and clonal level chromatin accessibility of bone marrow samples from 28 pAML patients representing multiple subtypes using mtscATAC-seq, which revealed distinct differentiation hierarchies and abnormal chromatin accessibility in a subtype-specific manner.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Cytometry in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in China.

Objective: The central nervous system (CNS) is a frequent site of relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study aims to investigate the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow cytometry in detecting CNS infiltration and relapse.

Methods: Flow cytometry was used to detect CSF leukemia cells, and patients were categorized into the CSF Flow+ and CSF Flow- groups.

The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on immunity reconstitution among pediatric patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: Immunity reconstitution (IR) is crucial for pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on lymphocyte subsets post-transplant remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed immune cell dynamics in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: We enrolled 42 children, including 21 post-HSCT SARS-CoV-2 infected and 21 matched, non-infected historical controls (1:1 matching based on propensity scores).

CRISPR/dCas9-based hotspot self-assembling SERS biosensor integrated with a smartphone for simultaneous, ultrasensitive and robust detection of multiple pathogens.

Accurate detection of multiple pathogens in the early stages of infection is critical for guiding treatment and saving patients' lives, but current methods are still challenged by low sensitivity, poor robustness and long turnaround times. Here, we report a CRISPR/dCas9-based hotspot self-assembling surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensor (called dCasSERS) and its integration with a smartphone to address these challenges. In this design, bacterial DNA was pre-amplified by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and the repeat sequences of the amplicons were recognized by CRISPR/dCas9, providing abundant sites for the assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and forming numerous hotspots for SERS analysis.

[Establishment of BCL-2 Inhibitors-Resistant B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines and Study on Their Resistance Mechanisms].

Objective: RS4;11 cell line was used to establish BCL-2 inhibitor-resistant cell lines of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and explore the possible mechanisms of drug resistance.

Methods: RS4;11 cell line was continuously induced and cultured by low and ascending concentrations of BCL-2 inhibitors navitoclax and venetoclax to construct navitoclax-resistant cell line RS4;11/Nav and venetoclax-resistant cell line RS4;11/Ven. The cell viability was detected by MTT assay, and the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.

Risks and Outcomes of New Onset of Unmet Need for Mobility and Self-care Daily Activities.

Background And Objectives: Among community-living older adults who have limitations in completing Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), unmet need occurs when they cannot complete an ADL task because no one was available to help. Prior research described correlates of existing unmet needs but did not consider which older adults are at risk for new onset of unmet needs. This study assessed health characteristics that increased risk for new onset of unmet needs within a year and subsequent health outcomes.

Detection of genomic variants by genome sequencing in foetuses with central nervous system abnormalities.

Objective: Clinical validity of genome sequencing (GS) (>30×) has been preliminarily verified in the post-natal setting. This study is to investigate the potential utility of trio-GS as a prenatal test for diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) anomalies.

Methods: We performed trio-based GS on a prospective cohort of 17 foetuses with CNS abnormalities.

Clinical Characteristics, Prognosis Factors and Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Diagnosis of Mucormycosis in patients With Hematologic Diseases.

Introduction: New diagnostic methods and antifungal strategies may improve prognosis of mucormycosis. We describe the diagnostic value of metagenomic next⁃generation sequencing (mNGS) and identify the prognostic factors of mucormycosis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of hematologic patients suffered from mucormycosis and treated with monotherapy [amphotericin B (AmB) or posaconazole] or combination therapy (AmB and posaconazole).

Development of a Colorimetric and SERS Dual-Signal Platform via dCas9-Mediated Chain Assembly of Bifunctional Au@Pt Nanozymes for Ultrasensitive and Robust Assay.

Timely screening for harmful pathogens is a great challenge in emergencies where traditional culture methods suffer from long assay time and alternative methods are limited by poor accuracy and low robustness. Herein, we present a dCas9-mediated colorimetric and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) dual-signal platform (dCas9-CSD) to address this challenge. Strategically, the platform used dCas9 to accurately recognize the repetitive sequences in amplicons produced by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), forming nucleic acid frameworks that assemble numerous bifunctional gold-platinum (Au@Pt) nanozymes into chains on the surface of streptavidin-magnetic beads (SA-MB).

Recurrent Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Occurred in an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Child with Mutated Lipoprotein Lipase Gene during Asparaginase Therapy.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and hyperlipidemia are severe complications of L-Asparaginase (L-Asp) during the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Herein, we reported a 9-year-old B-ALL boy who underwent abnormal hypertriglyceridemia and CVST presenting as seizures and disturbance of consciousness twice during the induction therapy. Fortunately, he survived treatment with anticoagulant and lipid-lowering therapy.

Erythroid-intrinsic activation of TLR8 impairs erythropoiesis in inherited anemia.

Inherited non-hemolytic anemia is a group of rare bone marrow disorders characterized by erythroid defects. Although concerted efforts have been made to explore the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases, the understanding of the causative mutations are still incomplete. Here we identify in a diseased pedigree that a gain-of-function mutation in toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) is implicated in inherited non-hemolytic anemia.

MiR-17∼92 is involved in NF-κB activation via targeting the ubiquitin-editing proteins to mediate RIP1 complex polyubiquitinations in ABC-DLBCL.

Activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) is an aggressive lymphoma characterized by constitutive NF-κB activation, but whether miR-17∼92 contributes to this activation remains unclear. Herein, we sought to evaluate the role of miR-17∼92 in the process of NF-κB activation in ABC-DLBCL. We found that the expression of miR-17∼92 primary transcript was positively correlated with NF-κB activity, miR-17∼92 activated the NF-κB signaling in ABC-DLBCL, and its over-expression promoted ABC-DLBCL cell growth, accelerated cell G1 to S phase transition and enhanced cell resistance to NF-κB inhibitor.

Encephalitozoon hellem infection after haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: a case report.

Background: Encephalitozoon hellem (E. hellem) infection is a zoonotic disease, rarely observed in individuals, causing various clinical manifestations including diarrhea, keratoconjunctivitis, cystitis, etc. E.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the immune microenvironment in pediatric acute leukemia.

Relapse and treatment resistance pose significant challenges in the management of pediatric B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The efficacy of immunotherapy in leukemia remains limited due to factors such as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and lack of suitable immunotherapeutic targets. Thus, an in-depth characterization of the TME in pediatric leukemia is warranted to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Comparison of seven CD19 CAR designs in engineering NK cells for enhancing anti-tumour activity.

Chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer (CAR-NK) cell therapy is emerging as a promising cancer treatment, with notable safety and source diversity benefits over CAR-T cells. This study focused on optimizing CAR constructs for NK cells to maximize their therapeutic potential. We designed seven CD19 CAR constructs and expressed them in NK cells using a retroviral system, assessing their tumour-killing efficacy and persistence.

[Expert consensus on the test development and preliminary implementation of whole genome sequencing for fetal structural abnormalities].

Fetal structural anomalies and birth defects are primarily caused by genetic variants such as chromosomal number abnormalities, copy number variations (CNV), single nucleotide variants (SNV), and small insertions and deletions (indel). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) as an emerging technology for genetic disease diagnosis can detect the aforementioned types of variants. In recent years, high-depth WGS (> 30×) for prenatal diagnosis has also become available, and proved to be practical for unraveling the genetic etiology of fetal developmental abnormalities.

Strong Homology Between Colonizing and Bloodstream Carbapenem-Resistant Spp.: Implications for Empiric Antibiotic Therapy in Hematological Patients.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of colonization status on the outcomes of spp. bloodstream infection (BSI) and investigate the homology and within-host evolution between colonizing and bloodstream carbapenem-resistant spp. (CRA) to inform antibiotic therapeutic decisions.