Pan-Cancer Analyses Reveal Oncogenic and Immunological Role of PLOD2.

Some previous studies have shown that has some value in tumorigenesis. However, the broad significance of has not been discussed in depth. This study was aimed at elaborated and summarized the value of PLOD2 in various tumors.

NKG2D Enhances Double-Negative T Cell Regulation of B Cells.

Numerous studies reported a small subpopulation of TCRαβCD4CD8 (double-negative) T cells that exert regulatory functions in the peripheral lymphocyte population. However, the origin of these double-negative T (DNT) cells is controversial. Some researchers reported that DNT cells originated from the thymus, and others argued that these cells are derived from peripheral immune induction.

Cyclooxygenase-2 expressed hepatocellular carcinoma induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes exhaustion through M2 macrophage polarization.

Due to the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) complexity and cancer heterogeneity, the clinical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are barely elicited from the conventional treatment options, even from the promising anti-cancer immunotherapy. As a suppressive TIME-related marker, the role played by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in HCC TIME, and its potential effects on anti-cancer T cell immune response remains unknown. In our study, to investigate the COX-2-dependent immune regulation pathway, we verified that the macrophages phenotypes were correlated to COX-2/PGE2 expressions among HCC patients.

TIGIT Can Exert Immunosuppressive Effects on CD8+ T Cells by the CD155/TIGIT Signaling Pathway for Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro.

The efficacy of adoptive cellular immunotherapy against cancer cells is limited due to the presence of immunosuppressive cells within the solid tumor microenvironment. The upregulation of certain coinhibitory receptors may lead to exhaustion of the immune effector cells. T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) is an immune inhibitory receptor expressed by regulatory T cells and activated T cells and natural killer cells.

Hedgehog signaling promotes sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma patient-derived organoids.

Background: The mechanism underlying sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are a pivotal driving force. Both CD44 and Hedgehog signaling play crucial roles in TIC properties in HCC.

Surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a retrospective study of 104 cases.

Objective: To explore the clinicopathological features, surgical treatment techniques, and prognostic risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Methods: A total of 104 ICC cases were collected from January 2008 to December 2013 at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital and divided into the hepatic hilum lymphadenectomy (HLL, 21 cases), extended hepatic hilum lymphadenectomy (EHLL, 12 cases), and non-lymphadenectomy (NL, 71 cases) groups. The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed, and the prognostic differences were compared among different groups.

Spiking voltages for faster switching of nematic liquid-crystal light modulators.

Electrical address circuits developed for driving fast-switching ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulators (SLM) can be programmed to increase the speed of much slower responding nematic liquid-crystal SLMs. Using an addressing circuit that can switch as fast as 0.164 ms, voltages are programmed for values of phase that exceed the desired phase, and when the phase reaches the desired value, the voltage is switched to the required steady-state voltage.

Phase calibration of spatially nonuniform spatial light modulators.

A new 512 x 512 pixel phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) has been found to deviate from being flat by several wavelengths. Also, the retardation of the SLM relative to voltage varies across the device by as much as 0.25 wavelength.

System for demonstrating arbitrary multi-spot beam steering from spatial light modulators.

A graphical user interface is used to program sequences of analog phase patterns onto a 512 x 512 pixel, electrically-addressed spatial light modulator (SLM). Hand sketches made with a digital pen are used to prescribe the footprints, velocities and trajectories of multiple, independently-controlled diffracted spots. The interface is intended to demonstrate to potential end-users, who are not knowledgeable about diffractive optical design, to what degree SLM's may be considered to produce arbitrary multi-spot beam steering.

Estimation of thermal coefficients of magneto-optical media.

Previously we described a method for estimating the thermal conductivity of magneto-optic recording media. The method relies on identifying the laser power that brings the maximum temperature of the TbFeCo layer to as high as the Curie temperature. We extensively use a similar method to estimate the heat capacity of a dielectric layer, a TbFeCo layer, and an aluminum alloy layer of magneto-optic recording media.