Differences in Nurses' Satisfaction and Demand for Spatial Design Among Different Departments of Nursing Units: A Case Study in China.

Objectives: The study aimed to extend original research and identify operational and space-related requirements for specialization from the perspectives of nursing behavior and process.

Background: Studies related to the specialty of different nursing units have been widely conducted in nursing science, while few studies have explored the specialized requirements for the physical environments of nursing units in different departments.

Method: Questionnaire survey data were collected from 125 nurses in 11 clinical departments, and nurse shadowing (approximately 68 hr) was conducted in four clinical departments.

The Demand for Specialization and Its Influence on the Design of Inpatient Nursing Units: Can Standardized Design Be Done Once and for All?

Objectives: This study explores the specialized nursing requirements of different clinical departments and their influence on the design of nursing units, which ultimately improves the nursing staff's efficiency and work experience.

Background: Specialization of nursing work is important in the provision of quality of healthcare. Most of the research related to nursing units has focuses on general medical-surgical nursing units and has not differentiated between clinical departments.

Influence of Hospital Outdoor Rest Space on the Eye Movement Measures and Self-Rating Restoration of Staff.

Objective: To investigate the effect of hospital outdoor rest space on the eye movement measures and self-rating restoration of staff.

Background: Relieving the pressure of hospital staff through exposure to hospital outdoor rest space is essential, but there is a scarcity of research on the impact of hospital outdoor rest space on the eye movement measures and self-rating restoration of staff, especially for large Chinese hospitals.

Methods: Cross-analysis was conducted based on the eye movement measures of 76 staff members obtained by eye movement tracking equipment in combination with the self-rating restoration scale and hospital outdoor rest space picture attributes (element proportion and position, brightness and saturation).

Influence of Hospital Outdoor Space on Physiological Electroencephalography (EEG) Feedback of Staff.

Objectives: To investigate the differences and relationships between different outdoor spaces of hospitals on the physiological electroencephalography (EEG) feedback (PEEGF) of staff.

Background: Relieving the pressure of hospital staff is essential, and several studies have revealed that even short-term exposure to outdoor space has a decompression effect. Yet, the focus is scarcely centered on the differences and influential relationships between the PEEGF from different outdoor spaces where the staff spend time, particularly in large-scale hospitals in China.

Study of the Physical Environment of Waiting Areas and Its Effects on Patient Satisfaction, Experience, Perceived Waiting Time, and Behavior in China.

Objectives: This study examines the physical environment in the outpatient waiting area and its effects on overall satisfaction, experience, perceived waiting time, and behavior.

Background: Waiting can be a frustrating experience for patients. Previous studies on waiting areas in hospitals have been rooted mainly in the Western cultural context, and research focusing on the impact of the physical environment on the waiting experience with the denser patient concentration in China is important.

Impacts of Nursing Unit Design on Visibility and Proximity and Its Influences on Communication, Privacy, and Efficiency.

Objectives: This study examines the role of visibility and proximity on nurse communication patterns, perception of privacy, and efficiency in double-corridor nursing units.

Background: Nurses are extremely important for the quality of healthcare. The literature suggests that visibility and proximity have a substantial impact on the delivery of care and staff experience.

An Empirical Examination of Nursing Units in China Based on Nurse Experience.

Objectives:: To create opportunities to increase nursing staff's satisfaction and operational efficiency and eventually improve nurses' experiences through better design in unit layout.

Background:: The majority of research performed on nursing units in China only focused on the spatial design itself, and few studies examined the nursing unit empirically based on nurses' experience. Nursing units need to be designed with understanding nurses' behavior and experience in China.

Evaluation of nutrient limitation in aquatic ecosystems with nitrogen fixing bacteria.

There has always been a great need for simple and accurate bioassays for evaluating nutrient limitation in aquatic ecosystems. Whereas organic carbon is usually considered to be the limiting nutrient for microbial growth in many aquatic ecosystems, there are, however, many water sources that are limited by phosphorus or nitrogen. A method named "nitrogen fixing bacterial growth potential" (NFBGP) test, which is based on pre-culturing of autochthonous (target) microorganisms was described.

Distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface waters, sediments and soils of Hangzhou City, China.

Ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were simultaneously measured in 17 surface water samples and 11 sediments of four water bodies, and 3 soils near the water-body bank in Hangzhou, China in December 2002. It was observed that the sum of PAHs concentrations ranged from 0.989 to 9.