Holographic multiplexing recording with an orthogonal polarized array.

This study combines tensor polarization holography theory and multichannel recording techniques and proposes a novel polarization encoding method, the orthogonal polarized array (OPA). This method can efficiently and independently reconstruct polarization holograms using accurate OPA waves in the reference-based multiplexing technique when the reference waves in the reading process have the same polarization state as those in the recording process. The novelty is that the multiplexing dimensions of the OPA can reach any number without limitations.

Comprehensive design of all-optical logic devices utilizing polarization holography.

Polarization holography has emerged as a promising method for manipulating the amplitude, phase, and polarization states of light waves. This study proposes what we believe to be a novel design method for various all-optical logic devices, including a complete set of all-optical Boolean logic gates and a polarization-controlled 1 × 4 optical switch, utilizing polarization holography. Through the angle multiplexing technique, specially designed polarization holograms are recorded in polarization-sensitive material, transforming it into all-optical Boolean logic gates and a polarization-controlled 1 × 4 optical switch.

Anti-noise performance analysis in amplitude-modulated collinear holographic data storage using deep learning.

In an amplitude-modulated collinear holographic data storage system, optical system aberration and experimental noise due to the recording medium often result in a high bit error rate (BER) and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in directly read detector data. This study proposes an anti-noise performance analysis using deep learning. End-to-end convolutional neural networks were employed to analyze noise resistance in encoded data pages captured by the detector.

Orthogonality of polarization superposition based on polarization holography.

We propose a polarization superposition orthogonal theory based on tensor polarization holography. Based on this theory, the holographic multiplexing capability can be improved measurably. The orthogonality of polarization waves is characterized by the null reconstruction in polarization holography, achieved through the superposition of multiple basic polarization reference waves.

Microbiota regulates neonatal disease tolerance to virus-evoked necrotizing enterocolitis by shaping the STAT1-NLRC5 axis in the intestinal epithelium.

Microbiota and feeding modes influence the susceptibility of premature newborns to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) through mechanisms that remain unknown. Here, we show that microbiota colonization facilitated by breastmilk feeding promotes NOD-like receptor family CARD domain containing 5 (Nlrc5) gene expression in mouse intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Notably, inducible knockout of the Nlrc5 gene in IECs predisposes neonatal mice to NEC-like injury in the small intestine upon viral inflammation in an NK1.

Strategy for Simple Control of High Performance PQ/PMMA Holographic Media.

Holographic data storage technology is a cost-effective solution for long-term archival data storage. However, the development of suitable holographic recording materials remains a challenge. Among these materials, phenanthraquinone-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PQ/PMMA) stands out due to its low cost and controllable thickness.

Metabolic immaturity and breastmilk bile acid metabolites are central determinants of heightened newborn vulnerability to norovirus diarrhea.

The pathogenic outcome of enteric virus infections is governed by a complex interplay between the virus, intestinal microbiota, and host immune factors, with metabolites serving as a key mediator. Noroviruses bind bile acid metabolites, which are produced by the host and then modified by commensal bacteria. Paradoxically, bile acids can have both proviral and antiviral roles during norovirus infections.

Method for fabricating circular polarization beam splitters based on polarization holography.

Based on polarization holography, circular polarization beam splitters with separation angles of up to 100° have been fabricated. The left- and right-handed circularly polarized waves can be reconstructed by the two holograms that were designed by the tensor theory of polarization holography, respectively. In the fabrication of circular polarization beam splitters, two holograms were recorded only by the interference method in the same area of the polarization-sensitive material.

A novel mouse model of hepatocyte-specific apoptosis-induced myeloid cell-dominant sterile liver injury and repair response.

Apoptosis, inflammation, and wound healing are critical pathophysiological events associated with various liver diseases. Currently, there is a lack of in vivo approaches to study hepatocyte apoptosis-induced liver injury and repair. To address this critical knowledge gap, we developed a unique genetically modified mouse model, namely, 3-Transgene (Tg) with inducible Hepatocyte-Specific Apoptosis Phenotype (3xTg-iHAP) in this study.

Sensitivity-Enhancing Modified Holographic Photopolymer of PQ/PMMA.

Phenanthrenequinone-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PQ/PMMA) photopolymers are potential holographic storage media owing to their high-density storage capacities, low costs, high stability, and negligible shrinkage in volume holographic permanent memory. However, because of the limitations of the substrate, conventional Plexiglas materials do not exhibit a good performance in terms of photosensitivity and molding. In this study, the crosslinked structure of PMMA was modified by introducing a dendrimer monomer, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA), which increases the photosensitivity of the material 2 times (from ~0.

Polarization evolution on higher and hybrid-order Poincaré spheres with coaxial polarization holograms.

Based on the tensor polarization holography theory, we propose a simple and convenient method in the recording material, phenanthrenequinone-doped polymethylmethacrylate, to generate beams on higher and hybrid-order Poincaré spheres, and realize their polarization evolution on the spheres by combining the recorded phase with the Pancharatnam-Berry phase. By simultaneously adjusting the polarization azimuth angle and relative phase of the recorded waves, independent phase-shifts can be imparted onto two orthogonal circular polarization states in reconstruction process of polarization holography. The beams on basic Poincaré sphere are transformed into that on arbitrary higher or hybrid-order Poincaré spheres.

Scattered Crypt Intestinal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis Induces Necrotizing Enterocolitis Via Intricate Mechanisms.

Background & Aims: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening disease affecting mostly the ileum of preemies. Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis contributes to NEC pathogenesis. However, how scattered crypt IEC apoptosis leads to NEC with excessive villus epithelial necrosis remains unclear.

Recombinant IGF-1/BP3 protects against intestinal injury in a neonatal mouse NEC model.

Background: Recombinant human IGF-1/binding protein-3 (rhIGF-1/BP3) is currently being tested in phase II clinical trials in premature infants to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but its impact on the neonatal intestine remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether rhIGF-1/BP3 protects against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in mice and to investigate the mechanisms involved.

Methods: Neonatal mice were dam fed or injected intraperitoneally with rhIGF-1/BP3 (or vehicle) and submitted to an experimental NEC model.

Phase retrieval based on deep learning with bandpass filtering in holographic data storage.

A phase retrieval method based on deep learning with bandpass filtering in holographic data storage is proposed. The relationship between the known encoded data pages and their near-field diffraction intensity patterns is established by an end-to-end convolutional neural network, which is used to predict the unknown phase data page. We found the training efficiency of phase retrieval by deep learning is mainly determined by the edge details of the adjacent phase codes, which are the high-frequency components of the phase code.

Severe gut mucosal injury induces profound systemic inflammation and spleen-associated lymphoid organ response.

Clinical evidence indicates a connection between gut injuries, infections, inflammation, and an increased susceptibility to systemic inflammation. Nevertheless, the animal models designed to replicate this progression are inadequate, and the fundamental mechanisms are still largely unknown. This research explores the relationship between gut injuries and systemic inflammation using a Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colonic mucosal injury mouse model.

Enhanced Polarization Properties of Holographic Storage Materials Based on RGO Size Effect.

Polarized holographic properties play an important role in the holographic data storage of traditional organic recording materials. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was introduced into a phenanthraquinone-doped polymethylmethacrylate (PQ/PMMA) photopolymer to effectively improve the orthogonal polarization holographic properties of the material. Importantly, the lateral size of RGO nanosheets has an important influence on the polymerization of MMA monomers.

Phase retrieval in holographic data storage by expanded spectrum combined with dynamic sampling method.

Phase retrieval in holographic data storage by expanded spectrum combined with dynamic sampling method is proposed, which serves to both reduce media consumption and to shorten the iterative number of phase code retrieval. Generally, high-fidelity phase retrieval requires twice Nyquist frequency in phase-modulated holographic data storage. To increase storage density, we only recorded and captured the signal with Nyquist size and used the frequency expanded method to realize high-fidelity phase retrieval.

Modulating microbiome-immune axis in the deployment-related chronic diseases of Veterans: report of an expert meeting.

The present report summarizes the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) field-based meeting titled "Modulating microbiome-immune axis in the deployment-related chronic diseases of Veterans." Our Veteran patient population experiences a high incidence of service-related chronic physical and mental health problems, such as infection, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), various forms of hematological and non-hematological malignancies, neurologic conditions, end-stage organ failure, requiring transplantation, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We report the views of a group of scientists who focus on the current state of scientific knowledge elucidating the mechanisms underlying the aforementioned disorders, novel therapeutic targets, and development of new approaches for clinical intervention.

B Cell Lymphocytosis in Juvenile Dermatomyositis.

In this study, we determined if B lymphocytosis may serve as a JDM biomarker for disease activity. Children with untreated JDM were divided into two groups based on age-adjusted B cell percentage (determined through flow cytometry): 90 JDM in the normal B cell group and 45 in the high B cell group. We compared through -testing the age, sex, ethnicity, duration of untreated disease (DUD), disease activity scores for skin (sDAS), muscle (mDAS), total (tDAS), CMAS, and neopterin between these two groups.

Scalar vortex beams produced by Pancharatnam-Berry phase optical elements that utilize polarization holography.

We discuss the appearance of the Pancharatnam-Berry phase in polarization holography, and confirm the possibility of generating scalar vortex beams by using the Pancharatnam-Berry phase. The polarization holograms used to generate scalar vortex beams are produced in phenanthrenequinone-doped polymethylmethacrylate (PQ/PMMA), where each radial direction consists of an equivalent half-wave plate hologram with gradually changing directions. The spin angular momentum carried by a circular polarization reading wave is converted into orbital angular momentum in a reconstruction process, resulting in the formation of scalar vortex beams with positive and negative topological charges controlled by the reading polarization.

Polarization splitters with designable separation angles based on polarization holography of tensor theory.

We propose a simple and inexpensive method for the fabrication of polarization splitters with designable separation angles and a controllable active area, based on polarization holography of tensor theory. First, we design two polarization holograms that reconstruct waves with only p- or s-polarization components, respectively. Then, after we recorded these two holograms on the same position of the recording material using the interference approach, as a result, a polarization splitter could readily be prepared.