Suspect screening strives to rapidly monitor a large number of substances in a sample using mass spectral libraries. For hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), these libraries are traditionally based on electron ionization mass spectra. However, with the growing use of state-of-the-art mass spectrometers, which often use alternative ionization approaches and separation techniques, new suspect screening workflows and libraries are urgently needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) are conventionally screened by matching electron ionization (EI) mass spectra acquired using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to reference spectra. However, extensive in-source fragmentation hampers de novo structure elucidation of novel substances that are absent from EI databases. To address this problem, a new method based on GC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) coupled to ion mobility-high resolution mass spectrometry (IM-HRMS) was developed for simultaneous target, suspect, and nontarget screening of HOCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Autoantibodies mimicking alloantibodies (referred to as mimicking antibodies) are a type of specific antibody that reacts with all red blood cells, but exhibits a stronger reaction with red blood cells expressing the target antigens. This study aimed to explore immunohematologic methods for identifying mimicking antibodies, autoantibodies and alloantibodies, and to formulate safe transfusion strategies based on the results.
Methods: ABO, Rh blood types and direct antiglobulin test were determined using the tube saline method.
A novel lipid nanoparticle (nLNP), formulated with three essential lipids to mimic ginger-derived exosomal particles, shows strong potential for delivering IL-22 mRNA specifically to the colon, presenting a unique oral drug delivery system for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, its cellular targets and uptake behavior in healthy versus diseased colons remain unclear. Understanding these aspects is crucial for fully elucidating its targeting effectiveness in inflamed colon tissue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hemoglobin (HGB) is a pigment protein found in human red blood cells. Laboratories usually measure hemoglobin using a colorimetric method. The factor that causes the increase of blood turbidity (hypertri-glyceridemia) can lead to the false increase of HGB, and also cause a significant increase of MCH and MCHC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioaerosols are a subset of important airborne particulates that present a substantial human health hazard due to their allergenicity and infectivity. Chemical reactions in atmospheric processes can significantly influence the health hazard presented by bioaerosols; however, few studies have summarized such alterations to bioaerosols and the mechanisms involved. In this paper, we systematically review the chemical modifications of bioaerosols and the impact on their health effects, mainly focusing on the exacerbation of allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, and bronchitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHepatic steatosis is the first step in a series of events that drives hepatic disease and has been considerably associated with exposure to fine particulate matter (PM). Although the chemical constituents of particles matter in the negative health effects, the specific components of PM that trigger hepatic steatosis remain unclear. New strategies prioritizing the identification of the key components with the highest potential to cause adverse effects among the numerous components of PM are needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To slow down the chemical fixation of phosphate fertilizer, reduce the risk of active phosphorus leaching, stimulate the inherent phosphorus resource activity of soil, and improve phosphorus supply capacity.
Methods: This study utilized a combination of field experiments and indoor chemical analysis. Six types of exogenous organic matter (fulvic acid, biochar, compound microbial fertilizer, high-energy microbial inoculum, pig manure-vermicompost, cow manure-vermicompost) were added based on conventional fertilization.
Here, we describe immunofluorescent (IF) staining assay of 3D cell culture colonoids isolated from mice colon as described previously. Primary cultures developed from isolated colonic stem cells are called colonoids. Immunofluorescence can be used to analyze the distribution of proteins, glycans, and small molecules-both biological and non-biological ones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResponsive thermochromic fiber materials capable of miniaturization and integrating comfortably and compliantly onto the soft and dynamically deforming human body are promising materials for visualized personal health monitoring. However, their development is hindered by monotonous colors, low-contrast color changes, and poor reversibility. Herein, full-color "off-on" thermochromic fluorescent fibers are prepared based on self-crystallinity phase change and Förster resonance energy transfer for long-term and passive body-temperature monitoring, especially for various personalized customization purposes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCryopreservation is a crucial step in the supply process of off-the-shelf chimeric antigen receptor engineered natural killer (CAR-NK) cell products. Concerns have been raised over the clinical application of dimethyl sulfoxide (MeSO) due to the potential for adverse reactions following infusion and limited cell-specific cytotoxic effects if misapplied. In this study, we developed a MeSO-free cryopreservation medium specifically tailored for CAR-NK cells to address this limitation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrganosulfur compounds (OSCs) are important components of fine particulate matter (PM); however, little information is available on OSCs in urban regions due to their chemical complexity, especially for novel species such as aromatic sulfonates. To supplement the detection technique and systematically identify OSCs, in this study we developed a nontargeted approach based on gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) to screen OSCs in PM of urban Beijing and provide field evidence for their source and formation mechanism. 76 OSCs were found through mass difference of sulfur isotopes and characteristic sulfur-containing fragments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolar nitrated aromatic compounds (pNACs) are key ambient brown carbon chromophores; however, their formation mechanisms, especially in the aqueous phase, remain unclear. We developed an advanced technique for pNACs and measured 1764 compounds in atmospheric fine particulate matter sampled in urban Beijing, China. Molecular formulas were derived for 433 compounds, of which 17 were confirmed using reference standards.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpoiled odors are a problem in thermally sterilized fermented soymilk. This study aims to clarify production conditions and key odorants of spoiled odors. The sensory evaluation showed that thermal sterilization caused a decrease in the sensory intensity of yogurt and fruity odors while significantly increasing undesirable aromas including beany, acidic, cooked-beans and spoiled odors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe knowledge of the chemical composition of brown carbon (BrC) is limited to the categories of components or parts of specific organic components. In this paper, the light-absorbing properties and molecular compositions of lipid-soluble organic components in fine particulate matter of Beijing from 2016 to 2018, characterized by an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer and gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, respectively, were combined to untargetedly screen the key BrC molecules by a partial least squares regression model for the first time. A total of 421 molecules were obtained, where 61 molecules were identified qualitatively and 22 molecules quantitatively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImproving the utilization rate of pesticides is key to achieve a reduction and synergism, and adding appropriate surfactant to pesticide preparation is an effective way to improve pesticide utilization. Fluorinated surfactants have excellent surface activity, thermal and chemical stability, but long-chain linear perfluoroalkyl derivatives are highly toxic, obvious persistence and high bioaccumulation in the environment. Therefore, new strategies for designing fluorinated surfactants which combine excellent surface activity and environmental safety would be useful.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis
October 2022
The effective deployment of an intelligent reflecting mirror array (IRMA) can enhance channel quality and improve the system performance in visible light communications (VLC) systems. This paper focuses on the performance analysis and parameter optimization of an IRMA-aided VLC system. Initially, the channel gains of both line-of-sight (LoS) link and non-LoS links are analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt is known that there are semiconductor oxides involved in mineral dust, which have photocatalytic properties. However, soot particles contained in carbonaceous aerosol and their photoactivity under sunlight are rarely realized. In this study, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals were generated upon visible-light irradiation of soot particles, and the production activity was consistent with the carbonaceous core content, indicating that the atmospheric soot particles can serve as a potential photocatalyst.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe construction of C-O bonds through C-H bond functionalization remains fundamentally challenging. Here, a practical chlorine radical-mediated aerobic oxidation of alkylarenes to carbonyls was developed. This protocol employed commercially available HCl as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reagent and air as a sustainable oxidant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe development of an effective cryopreservation method to achieve off-the-shelf and bioactive tissue-engineered constructs (TECs) is important to meet the requirements for clinical applications. The trehalose, a non-permeable cryoprotectant (CPA), has difficulty in penetrating the plasma membranes of mammalian cells and has only been used in combination with other cell penetrating CPA (such as DMSO) to cryopreserve mammalian cells. However, the inherent cytotoxicity of DMSO results in increasing risks with respect to cryopreserved cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular analyses help to investigate the key precursors and chemical processes of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We obtained the sources and molecular compositions of organic aerosol in PM in winter in Beijing by online and offline mass spectrometer measurements. Photochemical and aqueous processing were both involved in producing SOA during the haze events.
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