Demystifying EV heterogeneity: emerging microfluidic technologies for isolation and multiplexed profiling of extracellular vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous lipid containers carrying complex molecular cargoes, including proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, These vesicles are closely associated with specific physiological characteristics, which makes them invaluable in the detection and monitoring of various diseases. However, traditional isolation methods are often labour-intensive, inefficient, and time-consuming. In addition, single biomarker analyses are no longer accurate enough to meet diagnostic needs.

The alterations of ocular surface metabolism and the related immunity inflammation in dry eye.

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) stands as a prominent ocular condition of global prevalence, emerging as a growing concern within public health. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis remain largely unknown. In recent years, with the development of metabolomics, numerous studies have reported alterations in ocular surface metabolism in DED and offered fresh perspectives on the development of DED.

Brassica rapa L. polysaccharide mitigates hypobaric hypoxia-induced oxidation and intestinal damage via microbiome modulation.

The high-altitude, low-pressure, and hypoxia environment poses a significant threat to human health, particularly causing intestinal damage and disrupting gut microbiota. This study investigates the protective effects of Brassica rapa L. crude polysaccharides (BRP) on intestinal damage in mice exposed to hypobaric hypoxic conditions.

[Serum metabolomics reveals effects of standard decoction and formula granules of Paeoniae Radix Rubra on rat model of heat toxin and blood stasis].

This study aims to compare the effects and mechanisms of the standard decoction and formula granules of Paeoniae Radix Rubra in regulating the metabolism in the rat model of heat toxin and blood stasis. SD rats were randomized into control, model, standard decoction, and formula granules groups. After 14 days of administration, the rats in the latter three groups were subjected to subcutaneous injection with carrageenan and intraperitoneal injection with bacterial lipopolysaccharide for the modeling of heat toxin and blood stasis.

Enhanced beneficial lipids and volatile compounds in Jersey ghee attributed by key microbiota.

Ghee, a traditional fermented dairy product and dietary staple for inhabitants of the Tibet Plateau, has unclear lipid profiles and flavor formation mechanisms. This study aims to characterize superior ghee varieties and elucidate factors driving the production of beneficial lipids and flavor compounds. Through a comprehensive analysis of lipidomic profiles, volatile organic compound (VOC) release and microbial dynamics during ghee production from Holstein milk (HM) and Jersey milk (JM), A total of 126 differential lipids were identified, primarily associated with glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism.

L. crude polysaccharide meditated synbiotic fermented whey beverage ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia induced intestinal damage.

Hypobaric hypoxia causes oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and disrupts the gut microbiome and metabolome. In this study, we developed a synbiotic fermented whey beverage, combining kefir and L. crude polysaccharides, to explore its protective effects against high-altitude induced injury in mice.

Histone methylation regulates neutrophil extracellular traps to attenuate corneal neovascularization.

Corneal neovascularization (CNV) severely affects corneal transparency and disrupts the homeostasis of the ocular environment. However, the underlying mechanism of CNV remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) played in CNV and how histone methylation regulates the characterization of NETs.

Exploring the Impact of In Situ-Formed Solid-Electrolyte Interphase on the Cycling Performance of Aluminum Metal Anodes.

Unwanted processes in metal anode batteries, e.g., non-uniform metal electrodeposition, electrolyte decomposition, and/or short-circuiting, are not fully captured by the electrolyte bulk solvation structure but rather defined by the electrode-electrolyte interface and its changes induced by cycling conditions.

Human α-synuclein aggregation activates ferroptosis leading to parvalbumin interneuron degeneration and motor learning impairment.

The accumulation of α-synuclein induces neuronal loss in midbrain nuclei and leads to the disruption of motor circuits, while the pathology of α-synuclein in cortical regions remains elusive. To better characterize cortical synucleinopathy, here we generate a mouse model with the overexpression of human α-synuclein in the primary motor cortex (M1) of mice. A combination of molecular, in vivo recording, and behavioral approaches reveal that cortical expression of human α-synuclein results in the overexcitation of cortical pyramidal neurons (PNs), which are regulated by the decreased inhibitory inputs from parvalbumin-interneurons (PV-INs) to impair complex motor skill learning.

Lactic Acid Bacteria-Gut-Microbiota-Mediated Intervention towards Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), arises from intricate interactions involving genetics, environment, and pharmaceuticals with an ambiguous pathogenic mechanism. Recently, there has been an increasing utilization of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in managing IBD, attributed to their ability to enhance intestinal barrier function, mitigate inflammatory responses, and modulate gut microbiota. This review initiates by elucidating the pathogenesis of IBD and its determinants, followed by an exploration of the mechanisms underlying LAB therapy in UC and CD.

Biofermentation of aquatic plants: Potential novel feed ingredients for dairy cattle production.

The study assessed the impacts of aquatic plant silages on feeding efficiency and dairy cattle health as an alternative to conventional corn silage under high altitude conditions. Mid-lactation Holstein cows were assigned to treatment groups according to a randomized complete block design of parity, previous 105-d milk yield, and body weight. Cows (n = 8 per group) were fed with aquatic plant silage inoculated with Bacillus subtilis (BS), Yeast (YS), or conventional corn silage without inoculants (control) in addition to [standard grain feed] for 75 consecutive days.

Mosquito Gut Microbiota: A Review.

Mosquitoes are vectors of many important human diseases. The prolonged and widespread use of insecticides has led to the development of mosquito resistance to these insecticides. The gut microbiota is considered the master of host development and physiology; it influences mosquito biology, disease pathogen transmission, and resistance to insecticides.

TGF-β/SMAD Pathway Mediates Cadmium Poisoning-Induced Chicken Liver Fibrosis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.

Cadmium(Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widely present in the environment, capable of accumulating in the liver and causing liver damage. In this study, the mechanism of cadmium-induced liver fibrosis in chickens was investigated from the perspective of hepatocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) based on the establishment of a model of chicken cadmium toxicity and a model of cadmium-stained cells in a chicken hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (LMH). The 7-day-old chickens were randomly divided into the regular group (C group) and cadmium poisoning group (Cd group), and the entire test cycle was 60 days.

Suppressor tRNA in gene therapy.

Suppressor tRNAs are engineered or naturally occurring transfer RNA molecules that have shown promise in gene therapy for diseases caused by nonsense mutations, which result in premature termination codons (PTCs) in coding sequence, leading to truncated, often nonfunctional proteins. Suppressor tRNAs can recognize and pair with these PTCs, allowing the ribosome to continue translation and produce a full-length protein. This review introduces the mechanism and development of suppressor tRNAs, compares suppressor tRNAs with other readthrough therapies, discusses their potential for clinical therapy, limitations, and obstacles.

Synergistic Fermentation of and Integrated with Two-Step Sugar-Supplement for Preparing High-Alcohol Kiwifruit Wine.

Wild yeast suitable for kiwifruit wine fermentation was isolated and purified, and the fermentation process was optimized to increase the alcohol content of the kiwifruit wine. was isolated from kiwifruit pulp by lineation separating, screened by morphological characteristics in Wallerstein Laboratory Nutrient Agar (WL) medium and microscope observation, and further identified by 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence analysis. Taking alcohol content and sensory evaluation as two indexes, the fermentation condition for kiwifruit wine was optimized by single factor and response surface experiment.

A visual circuit related to the parabrachial nucleus for the antipruritic effects of bright light treatment.

In addition to its role in vision, light also serves non-image-forming visual functions. Despite clinical evidence suggesting the antipruritic effects of bright light treatment, the circuit mechanisms underlying the effects of light on itch-related behaviors remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that bright light treatment reduces itch-related behaviors in mice through a visual circuit related to the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN).