Accumulation of nitrite after reclaimed water recharge due to the disinfection byproduct chlorite.

Due to its toxicity, the disinfection byproduct chlorite in drinking water is strictly regulated to be ≤ 1.0 mg/L, but in reclaimed, non-drinking water chlorite is unregulated and rarely considered. However, chlorite is cytotoxic and has a high oxidation potential.

Effects of trace PFOA on microbial community and metabolisms: Microbial selectivity, regulations and risks.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a "forever chemical", is continuously discharged and mitigated in the environment despite its production and use being severely restricted globally. Due to the transformation, attachment, and adsorption of PFOA in aquatic environments, PFOA accumulates in the porous media of sediments, soils, and vadose regions. However, the impact of trace PFOA in the porous media on interstitial water and water safety is not clear.

Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Regains Its Fatal Virulence by Serial Passaging in Pigs or Porcine Alveolar Macrophages To Increase Its Adaptation to Target Cells.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a globally important disease threatening the pork industry, and modified live-virus (MLV) vaccines are widely used for its prevention. However, PRRS MLV shows high potential for reversion to virulence, leading to a major concern about its safety. Yet the revertant mechanism is still poorly understood.

High-Performance, Free-Standing Symmetric Hybrid Membranes for Osmotic Separation.

The internal concentration polarization (ICP) of asymmetric osmotic membranes with support layers greatly reduced membrane water permeability, therefore compromising membrane performance. In this study, a series of free-standing symmetric hybrid forward osmosis (FO) membranes without experiencing ICP were fabricated by covalently linking metal-organic framework (MOF) nanofillers with a polymer matrix. Owing to the introduction of MOFs, which allow only water permeation but reject salts by steric hindrance, the prepared hybrid membranes could approach the empirical permeability-selectivity trade-off.

A Decoupled Unified Observation Method of Stochastic Multidimensional Vibration for Wind Tunnel Models.

Active vibration control is the most effective method for stochastic multidimensional vibration in wind tunnel tests, in which vibration monitoring is the core foundation. Vibrations are induced by the disturbances of several complex air flow instabilities under extreme test conditions with high attack angles. Here, a decoupled unified observation method is proposed in order to fully monitor stochastic multidimensional vibration.

Exogenous refractory protein enhances biofilm formation by altering the quorum sensing system: A potential hazard of soluble microbial proteins from WWTP effluent.

Soluble microbial refractory proteins are major components of effluent from wastewater treatment plants that utilize a biological wastewater treatment process. The remaining proteins could negatively affect downstream treatment processes by altering the bacterial quorum sensing system. In this work, we elaborated the effects of exogenous refractory protein on biofilm formation.

Acceleration of saturated porous media clogging and silicon dissolution due to low concentrations of Al(III) in the recharge of reclaimed water.

The recharge of reclaimed water is an effective strategy for addressing the issues of water quality deterioration and groundwater level decline simultaneously. Residual Al coagulants are normally remained in the recovered water at low concentrations, and may induce clogging problems during the recharging process. However, this issue has been ignored in the past.

Low concentrations of Al(III) accelerate the formation of biofilm: Multiple effects of hormesis and flocculation.

Residual Al(III) (at low concentration) is common in water treatment plants (WTPs) and is associated with bacteria. We hypothesize that Al(III) accelerate biofouling due to its hydrolysis and hormesis characteristics, as compared with other cations. To verify this, we elaborated the roles of Al(III) at low concentrations on the biofilm formation.

Bioresources inner-recycling between bioflocculation of Microcystis aeruginosa and its reutilization as a substrate for bioflocculant production.

Bioflocculation, being environmental-friendly and highly efficient, is considered to be a promising method to harvest microalgae. However, one limitation of this technology is high expense on substrates for bioflocculant bacteria cultivation. In this regard, we developed an innovative method for the inner-recycling of biomass that could harvest the typical microalgae, Microcystis aeruginosa, using a bioflocculant produced by Citrobacter sp.

Responses of the Microalga Chlorophyta sp. to Bacterial Quorum Sensing Molecules (N-Acylhomoserine Lactones): Aromatic Protein-Induced Self-Aggregation.

Bacteria and microalgae often coexist during the recycling of microalgal bioresources in wastewater treatment processes. Although the bacteria may compete with the microalgae for nutrients, they could also facilitate microalgal harvesting by forming algal-bacterial aggregates. However, very little is known about interspecies interactions between bacteria and microalgae.

The effectiveness of coagulation for water reclamation from a wastewater treatment plant that has a long hydraulic and sludge retention times: A case study.

Coagulation is a feasible process to reclaim municipal wastewater, however, the role of coagulation in removing effluent organic matter (EfOM) from underutilized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has not been fully explored. We identified the characteristics of the EfOM from a typical underutilized WWTP (i.e.

Pose measurement method and experiments for high-speed rolling targets in a wind tunnel.

High-precision wind tunnel simulation tests play an important role in aircraft design and manufacture. In this study, a high-speed pose vision measurement method is proposed for high-speed and rolling targets in a supersonic wind tunnel. To obtain images with high signal-to-noise ratio and avoid impacts on the aerodynamic shape of the rolling targets, a high-speed image acquisition method based on ultrathin retro-reflection markers is presented.

Application of ultrasound and quartz sand for the removal of disinfection byproducts from drinking water.

To the best of our knowledge, little information is available on the combined use of ultrasound (US) and quartz sand (QS) in the removal of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from drinking water. This study investigates the removal efficiency for 12 DBPs from drinking water by 20 kHz sonolytic treatment, QS adsorption, and their combination. Results indicate that DBPs with logKow≤1.