Aerosolized plus intravenous polymyxin B in comparison to intravenous polymyxin B alone for the management of HAP caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria: A prospective multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of combined aerosolized (AER) and intravenous (IV) polymyxin B in managing patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative organism (CRO).

Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted across six intensive care units in municipal and above-municipal hospitals in Shaanxi, China, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. Patients with CRO pneumonia were categorized into the intravenous group (IV polymyxin B alone) and the combination group (AER plus IV polymyxin B).

Remimazolam inhibits apoptosis of endothelial and epithelial cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in acute lung injury.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are significant burdens on global health. Remimazolam (REM), a novel sedative, has shown potential in its anti-inflammatory effects. However, a lack of evidence currently hinders our ability to determine if REM can improve ALI/ARDS.

Causal relationships between obesity-related anthropometric indicators and sepsis risk: a Mendelian-randomization study.

Background: Previous studies have reported an association between obesity and risk of sepsis. However, the results have been inconsistent, and no causal inference can be drawn from them. Therefore, we conducted a Mendelian-randomization (MR) study to investigate causal relationships between available obesity-related anthropometric indicators and sepsis risk.

Association between base excess and mortality in critically ill patients with ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Base excess (BE) is associated with mortality from many diseases. However, the relationship between BE and mortality in patients with ischemic stroke remains uncertain. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between BE values upon admission to the ICU and mortality rates in critically ill stroke patients.

A causal relationship between educational attainment and risk of infectious diseases: A Mendelian randomisation study.

Background: Previous observational studies have investigated the association between educational attainment and sepsis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, their findings have been susceptible to reverse causality and confounding factors. Furthermore, no study has examined the effect of educational level on the risk of infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (SSTIs).

Possible pharmacological targets and mechanisms of sivelestat in protecting acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a life-threatening syndrome induced by various diseases, including COVID-19. In the progression of ALI/ARDS, activated neutrophils play a central role by releasing various inflammatory mediators, including elastase. Sivelestat is a selective and competitive inhibitor of neutrophil elastase.

Influence of Appropriate Empirical Antibiotic Treatment on the Prognosis of ICU Patients with HAP Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Purpose: In patients with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB) infection, the impact of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment (AEAT) initialized before culture results were available remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the effect of AEAT on the prognosis of critically ill patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by CRGNB.

Patients And Methods: Patients with CRGNB-infected HAP and received empirical antibiotic treatment (EAT) for at least 3 days in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary teaching hospital in China from February 2017 to September 2021 were included in the retrospective cohort study.

Efficacy and Safety of Ciprofol Sedation in ICU Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation: A Multicenter, Single-Blind, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness and safety of ciprofol for sedating patients in ICUs who required mechanical ventilation (MV).

Design: A multicenter, single-blind, randomized, noninferiority trial.

Setting: Twenty-one centers across China from December 2020 to June 2021.

Cerebrospinal fluid protein levels are elevated 100 times in a Leptomeningeal metastasis patient: a case report and literature review.

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) has a high degree of malignancy and high mortality. We describe a patient admitted to hospital with acute lower extremity weakness, dysuria, and high intracranial pressure. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extensive enhancement of the leptomeningeal and spinal meninges with multiple nodular changes and extensive fusion.

Systematic investigation of the underlying mechanisms of GLP-1 receptor agonists to prevent myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using network pharmacology.

Several clinical trials have demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) reduce the incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we applied a network pharmacology method to investigate the mechanisms by which GLP-1RAs reduce MI occurrence in patients with T2DM.

Relationship of Admission Serum Anion Gap and Prognosis of Critically Ill Patients: A Large Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: There were controversies over the relationship between Anion gap (AG) and mortality in critically ill patients. Therefore, a large multicenter cohort study was conducted to evaluate the association of AG and mortality in large-scale intensive care units (ICUs) patients.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adult ICU patients enrolled from eICU Collaborative Research Database.

Association between body mass index change and mortality in critically ill patients: A retrospective observational study.

Objective: Previous studies have emphasized the association between baseline body mass index (BMI) and mortality in patients during a stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, to our knowledge, few studies have focused on BMI change during an ICU stay. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of BMI change during ICU hospitalization.

Prognostic Value of Serum Albumin Level in Critically Ill Patients: Observational Data From Large Intensive Care Unit Databases.

Background: Decreased serum albumin level (SAL) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We designed the present study to further assess the prognostic value of SAL in critically ill patients based on data from large intensive care unit (ICU) databases.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study recruited 18,353 patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database.

Association of platelet count with mortality in patients with infectious diseases in intensive care unit: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Platelets play important roles in thrombosis, hemostasis, inflammation, and infection. We aimed to evaluate the association between platelet count and its variation trend and prognosis of patient with infectious diseases in intensive care units (ICUs). This retrospective cohort study extracted 4,251 critically ill adult patients with infectious diseases from the eICU Collaborative Research Database, whose platelet counts were measured daily during the first 7 days after admission.

Global burden of gallbladder and biliary diseases: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background And Aim: Gallbladder and biliary diseases (GBDs) are one of the most prevalent medical issues in the digestive system. This study was designed to describe the characteristics of prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of GBDs during 1990-2019 using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019.

Methods: Prevalence, death, and DALYs for GBDs in different locations, years, sex, and age groups were estimated using DisMod-MR 2.

The global burden of peptic ulcer disease in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: Peptic ulcer disease is one of the most common diseases in gastroenterology clinics. However, reported data about the global burden of peptic ulcer disease are still scarce.

Methods: This was a secondary data analysis on the prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to peptic ulcer disease by sex, age group and socio-demographic index (SDI) at the global level in 21 regions and 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019 using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019.

Effect of initial serum chloride level on the association between intravenous chloride load and mortality in critically ill patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To assess the effect of intravenous chloride load on prognosis in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with different initial serum chloride levels.

Materials And Methods: Participants from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database were divided into low, normal (>100 and ≤110 mEq/L), and high chloride groups according to initial chloride levels. Records of intravenous fluids were extracted to calculated the volume adjusted chloride load (VACL) and VACL per body weight (VACL-W).

Association between circadian variation of heart rate and mortality among critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Heart rate (HR) related parameters, such as HR variability, HR turbulence, resting HR, and nighttime mean HR have been recognized as independent predictors of mortality. However, the influence of circadian changes in HR on mortality remains unclear in intensive care units (ICU). The study is designed to evaluate the relationship between the circadian variation in HR and mortality risk among critically ill patients.

Global burden of upper respiratory infections in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019.

Background: Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are among the most common diseases. However, the related burden has not been comprehensively evaluated. Thus, we designed the present study to describe the global and regional burden of URIs from 1990 to 2019.

Relationship Between Mean Vancomycin Trough Concentration and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

It remains unclear whether the mean vancomycin trough concentration (VTC) derived from the entire course of therapy is of potential benefit for critically ill patients. This study was conducted to explore the association between mean serum VTC and mortality in intensive care units (ICUs). 3,603 adult patients with two or more VTC records after receiving vancomycin treatment in the eICU Collaborative Research Database were included in this multicenter retrospective cohort study.

An evaluation on the association of vancomycin trough concentration with mortality in critically ill patients: A multicenter retrospective study.

To determine the impact of initial vancomycin trough concentration (VTC) on mortality in adult patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) undergoing vancomycin therapy. During their first ICU stay, patients with initial VTC records after vancomycin treatment were recruited from the eICU Collaborative Research Database to this multicenter retrospective cohort study, and classified into four groups according to VTC: less than 10, 10-15, 15-20, and greater than 20 mg/L. Multivariable logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the association of VTC, as a continuous and categorical variable, with mortality.

Relationship between 24-h venous blood glucose variation and mortality among patients with acute respiratory failure.

Evidence indicates that glucose variation (GV) plays an important role in mortality of critically ill patients. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the coefficient of variation of 24-h venous blood glucose (24-hVBGCV) and mortality among patients with acute respiratory failure. The records of 1625 patients in the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II (MIMIC II) database were extracted.

Sleep Timing May Predict Congestive Heart Failure: A Community-Based Cohort Study.

Background Previous studies have suggested that sleep timing is associated with cardiovascular risk factors. However, there is no evidence on the relationship between sleep timing and congestive heart failure (CHF). We aimed to examine this relationship in this study.

Increasing serum ammonia level is a risk factor for the prognosis of critically ill patients: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To assess the association between serum ammonia level upon admission during the initial intensive care unit (ICU) stay and mortality.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 2703 adult patients in eICU Collaborative Research Database. The ICU mortality within ammonia deciles were assessed.