Real-world data on ALK rearrangement test in Chinese advanced non-small cell lung cancer (RATICAL): a nationwide multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) test in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can help physicians provide target therapies for patients harboring ALK gene rearrangement. This study aimed to investigate the real-world test patterns and positive rates of ALK gene rearrangements in advanced NSCLC.

Methods: In this real-world study (ChiCTR2000030266), patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent an ALK rearrangement test in 30 medical centers in China between October 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

Duodenal Soft Tissue Sarcoma with GLI1 Gene Rearrangement: A Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Soft tissue tumors have various subtypes, among which sarcomas exhibit high malignant potential and poor prognosis. Malignant epithelioid tumor with GLI1 alterations was originally found in myopericytoma with t(7;12) translocation. However, recent studies indicated that it is a distinct tumor type characterized by multiple nodular distributions of oval or round epithelioid cells with a rich capillary network and a lack of specific immunophenotype.

Primary pulmonary hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma with fusions of both EWSR1::CREM and IRF2::NTRK3: report of a case with an aggressive behavior.

Primary pulmonary hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is a rare salivary gland-type tumor newly recognized in recent years, with approximately 21 cases reported to date in the English literature, which constitutes a challenge in pathology diagnosis, particularly in small biopsy specimens. Here, we present a case of pulmonary HCCC diagnosed by computed tomography-guided percutaneous lung biopsy in a 70-year-old man's right lower lung. Although the morphology and immunophenotype of the tumor suggested the diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, fluorescence hybridization failed to reveal the rearrangement of MAML2 gene, which is characteristic of mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

A Radiomics Model Based on Gd-EOB-DTPA-Enhanced MRI for the Prediction of Microvascular Invasion in Solitary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ≤ 5 cm.

Aim: The aim of this study is to establish and validate a radiomics-based model using preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI to predict microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 5 cm.

Methods: Clinicopathologic and MRI data of 178 patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (≤5 cm) were retrospectively collected from a single medical center between May 2017 and November 2020. Patients were randomly assigned into training and test subsets by a ratio of 7:3.

Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor of Urinary Bladder.

Objectives: To review the clinicopathologic features of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the urinary bladder.

Methods: Seven cases of bladder PEComa were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Results: In our 7 cases, 5 patients were female and 2 were male, with ages between 26 and 78 years.

The age variation of HER2 immunohistochemistry positive rate in biopsy specimens of gastric cancer.

Aims: The aim of this study was to explore HER2 status and characteristics in biopsy specimens of gastric cancer (GC) in Chinese population.

Methods And Results: A total of 27,787 biopsy specimens of GC from 103 hospitals were obtained. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of HER2 was performed.

Hepatic monotypic epithelioid angiomyolipoma with concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatic monotypic epithelioid angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare lesion in which the predominant population of an epithelioid component can mimic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hepatic epithelioid AML with concomitant HCC is extremely uncommon. In this study, we present the clinical and pathologic features of a case of hepatic monotypic epithelioid AML with concomitant HCC in a 63-year-old man.

A Renal Cell Carcinoma with Biallelic Somatic TSC2 Mutation: Clinical Study and Literature Review.

Objective: To elucidate the effect of the biallelic somatic TSC2 mutations, identified in one adolescent patient, in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: Mutation analyses, immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were conducted.

Results: Two novel somatic mutations of TSC2 in unilateral and solitary RCC samples from a 14-year-old female were identified.

Nodal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma with four atypical histomorphologic features: an unusual case report.

Background: Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare malignancy. In addition to the classical histopathologic features, it has also some special morphological variants that can present a challenge in the diagnosis of this disease.

Case Presentation: A 45-year-old male who presented with a left supraclavicular mass was given a final diagnosis of FDCS after lymph node biopsy.

Mediastinal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: a rare, potentially under-recognized, and often misdiagnosed disease.

Background: Mediastinal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is extremely rare. Due to potential under-recognization of this disease, it happens to be misdiagnosed, especially on core needle biopsy. We report 3 cases of mediastinal FDCS and provide a literature review to improve better understanding of the tumor and to reduce misdiagnosis.

A Study of the Correlation of Perfusion Parameters in High-Resolution GRASP MRI With Microvascular Density in Lung Cancer.

Background: The histological count of microvascular density (MVD) is the current clinical standard for assessing tumor angiogenesis. Although it is hypothesized that perfusion MRI can be a noninvasive alternative to MVD, there have been few studies to validate their correlations, particularly in lung cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between MVD and perfusion parameters obtained from high-resolution GRASP (Golden-angle RAdial Sparse Parallel) dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI in a cohort of lung cancer patients, and to validate that GRASP MRI can serve as a free-breathing, noninvasive imaging approach for studying tumor angiogenesis.

A Rare Case of Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Presenting as a Chronic "Infectious" Skin Ulcer.

Cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) usually manifests as papules, nodules, or plaques. A rare case of a patient with a chronic skin ulcer and signs and symptoms of infection, including fever and large amounts of yellow wound exudate, is presented. Fifteen (15) months before diagnosis, a 43-year-old otherwise healthy man noted soreness without apparent cause in his upper chest and a palpable 2 cm x 2 cm focal lump.

Primary paraganglioma-like dermal melanocytic tumor with local recurrence: a case report.

Primary paraganglioma-like dermal melanocytic tumor (PDMT) is a rare dermal melanocytic tumor first recognized in 2004. The cases in previous reports suggested a benign course with a favorable prognosis. Herein, we describe a case of PDMT in the right neck from a 33-year-old man.

Perfusion Characteristics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma at Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound: Influence of the Cellular differentiation, the Tumor Size and the Underlying Hepatic Condition.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of the cellular differentiation, the tumor size and the underlying hepatic condition on the enhancement pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). 276 patients with single lesion ≤ 5 cm who underwent CEUS exam and were pathologically confirmed as HCC were retrospectively enrolled. Enhancement patterns, washout patterns, wash-in time and washout time were observed and recorded.

Synovial sarcoma showing loss of a green signal in SS18 fluorescence in situ hybridization: a clinicopathological and molecular study of 12 cases.

The phenomenon of losing a green signal in synovial sarcoma (SS) using the SS18 break-apart probe by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been poorly described. In this study, 12 SS with missing a green signal were identified. This series included 7 males and 5 females, aged 17 to 69 years (median, 38.

Myocyte enhancer factor 2D promotes colorectal cancer angiogenesis downstream of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α.

Myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) is involved in many aspects of cancer progression, including cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. However, little is known about the role of MEF2D in tumor angiogenesis. Using clinical specimens, colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and a mouse model in the present study, we found that MEF2D expression was positively correlated with CD31-positive microvascular density in CRC tissues.

Primary follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the urinary bladder: the first case report and potential diagnostic pitfalls.

Background: Extranodal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a very rare malignancy with a variable clinical course. It is often not considered and has the potential to result in a misdiagnosis of other common sarcomas or sarcomatoid carcinomas. This is particularly true with the preoperative biopsy specimen, in which the tissue sample is often small.

Dynamic enhancement patterns of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis on contrast-enhanced computed tomography: risk of misdiagnosis as hepatocellular carcinoma.

This study aimed to assess the features of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) at computerized tomography (CT) and verify the risk of misdiagnosis of ICC as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis. CT appearances of 98 histologically confirmed ICC nodules from 84 cirrhotic patients were retrospectively reviewed, taking into consideration the pattern and dynamic contrast uptake during the arterial, portal venous and delayed phases. During the arterial phase, 53 nodules (54.

Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (biphenotypic) tumors: clinical characteristics, imaging features of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and computed tomography.

Background: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) is an uncommon primary liver malignancy and little known about the clinical and imaging characteristics of cHCC-CC. We aim to define the demographics, imaging features of cHCC-CC on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in this study.

Methods: From January 2005 to December 2014, 45 patients with pathologically proven cHCC-CC who underwent preoperative CEUS and 43 patients who had additional CT scan in our institution were included.

Comparison of CT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings in hepatic angiomyolipoma with pathological correlations.

Objective: To compare imaging findings of CT and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) in hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) and investigate their pathological correlations.

Methods: Imaging findings and preoperative diagnosis of CT and CEUS were retrospectively compared head to head in 46 patients with 54 histologically proven HAMLs. Correlations between imaging features and preoperative diagnosis with pathological types of HAMLs were analyzed.

Diagnosis of Hepatic Angiomyolipoma by Combination of Baseline and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound--A Prospective Study in Non-Cirrhotic Patients.

Objectives: Hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) is a rare, benign mesenchymal tumor of the liver and its diagnosis has been considered challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate prospectively the diagnostic efficacy of the incorporation of both baseline ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of HAML in patients without cirrhosis.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive 1748 non-cirrhotic patients with focal liver lesions (FLLs) were prospectively enrolled.

Relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient and tumour cellularity in lung cancer.

Background And Objective: To prospectively investigate the relationship between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and cellularity in lung cancer.

Methods: Sixty patients histopathologically confirmed with lung cancer (41 men, 19 women) underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the chest (with b values of 50 and 1000 s/mm2). The median mean ADC (ADC mean) value and median minimum ADC (ADC min) value within each primary tumour were calculated and compared with the median nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR), which was selected to represent the cellularity.

Detailed analysis of temporal features on contrast enhanced ultrasound may help differentiate intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis.

Aim: To verify if detailed analysis of temporal enhancement patterns on contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) may help differentiate intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis.

Methods: Thirty three ICC and fifty HCC in cirrhosis were enrolled in this study. The contrast kinetics of ICC and HCC was analyzed and compared.

Local distribution analysis of cytotoxic molecules in liver allograft is helpful for the diagnosis of acute cellular rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Background: As it is often difficult for a transplant pathologist to make a definite diagnosis of acute cellular rejection (ACR) by routine morphological analysis of liver allograft biopsy, supplementary methods and objective markers are needed to facilitate this determination.

Methods: To evaluate the diagnostic value of cytotoxic molecules in ACR episodes, immunohistochemical staining for perforin, granzyme B and T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1) were performed in liver allograft biopsies. The positive cells in the portal tract area and lobules were counted separately to investigate the distribution of the cytotoxic molecules.

Nanog regulates self-renewal of cancer stem cells through the insulin-like growth factor pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits cellular heterogeneity and embryonic stem-cell-related genes are preferentially overexpressed in a fraction of cancer cells of poorly differentiated tumors. However, it is not known whether or how these cancer cells contribute to tumor initiation and progression. Here, our data showed that increased expression of pluripotency transcription factor Nanog in cancer cells correlates with a worse clinical outcome in HCC.